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We evaluated the biological effects of obatoclax on the anti\u2010tumour activity of rituximab and chemotherapy agents. Obatoclax induced cell death of rituximab\/chemotherapy\u2010sensitive (RSCL), \u2010resistant cell lines (RRCL) and primary tumour\u2010cells derived from patients with B\u2010cell lymphomas (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u200339). Obatoclax also enhanced the activity of rituximab and had synergistic activity when combined with chemotherapy agents. The ability of Obatoclax to induce PARP cleavage varied between patient samples and was not observed in some RRCL. Inhibition of caspase activity did not affect obatoclax activity, suggesting the existence of caspase\u2010independent death pathways. Autophagy was detected by LC3 conversion and\/or electron microscopy in RRCL and in patient\u2010derived tumour cells. Moreover, obatoclax activity was inhibited by Beclin\u20101 knockdown. In summary, obatoclax is an active Bcl\u20102 inhibitor that potentiates the activity of chemotherapy agents and, to a lesser degree, rituximab. Defining the molecular events triggered by obatoclax is necessary to further its clinical development and identify potential biomarkers that are predictive of response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2011.08669.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,15]],"date-time":"2011-04-15T08:06:57Z","timestamp":1302854817000},"page":"599-611","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Distinct cellular and therapeutic effects of obatoclax in rituximab\u2010sensitive and \u2010resistant lymphomas"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"153","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth 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