{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T22:15:05Z","timestamp":1788387305450,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]],"date-time":"2012-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1328054400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Haematol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>The refinements in both the staging and response evaluation of children with Burkitt lymphoma (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BL<\/jats:styled-content>) have contributed to the improvements in treatment outcome observed over the past 40\u00a0years. Ziegler and Magrath designed a staging system in the 1970s for children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BL<\/jats:styled-content> in equatorial Africa. Currently, the most widely used staging system around the world is that described by Murphy in 1980, which was developed for children with non\u2010Hodgkin lymphoma (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NHL<\/jats:styled-content>) of any histology. There are opportunities for refinement in this system, particularly with respect to certain extra\u2010nodal sites, such as skin and bone. The findings obtained at diagnosis with novel technologies (functional imaging [e.g., positron emission tomography [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PET<\/jats:styled-content>]] and minimal residual disease [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRD<\/jats:styled-content>] technology), which are more sensitive with respect to disease detection than historic modalities, also need to be considered. Technological advances have also had impact on the assessment of response evaluation. Standard x\u2010rays were routinely used in the 1960s; nuclear imaging became widely used in the 1970s; computerized axial tomography was incorporated in the 1980s; <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PET<\/jats:styled-content> imaging was incorporated and, in many cases, has replaced gallium\/bone scans since 2000; and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRD<\/jats:styled-content> technology has been explored in some of the most recent clinical trials. There is clearly a need for more clinical data on the use of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PET<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRD<\/jats:styled-content> technology in the determination of response evaluation of children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BL<\/jats:styled-content> as well as other histological subtypes of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NHL<\/jats:styled-content>. An international working group is currently addressing the refinement of both disease staging and response evaluation in children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NHL<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2012.09026.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]],"date-time":"2012-02-01T10:08:47Z","timestamp":1328090927000},"page":"761-765","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Burkitt lymphoma: staging and response evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"156","author":[{"given":"John T.","family":"Sandlund","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology St. Jude Children's Research Hospital"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Tennessee College of Medicine Memphis TN 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