{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T15:51:17Z","timestamp":1790351477510,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,3]],"date-time":"2012-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325548800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cell Proliferation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>Objectives:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Aqueous <jats:italic>Viscum album<\/jats:italic> L. extracts are widely used for anti\u2010cancer therapies. Due to their low solubility, triterpenes (which are known to act on cancers), do not occur in aqueous extracts in significant amounts. Using cyclodextrins, we have found it possible to solubilize mistletoe triterpene acids and to determine their effects on acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vivo.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>Materials and methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> A C.B\u201017\/SCID model of pre\u2010B ALL (NALM\u20106) was used to test efficacy and mechanisms of treatment with lectin\u2010 and triterpene acid containing preparations <jats:italic>in vivo.<\/jats:italic> Cytotoxicity of increasing concentrations of <jats:italic>V. album<\/jats:italic> L. preparations was assessed <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. Apoptosis was determined using mitochondrial membrane potential measurements, annexin V\/PI, western blot analyses and caspase inhibitor assays.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Solubilized triterpene acid\u2010 or lectin\u2010containing <jats:italic>V. album<\/jats:italic> L. extracts inhibited cell proliferation and demonstrated cytotoxic properties <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. Annexin V\/PI and mitochondrial membrane potential assays indicated that dose\u2010dependent induction of apoptosis was the main mechanism. Combination (viscumTT) of lectin\u2010 (viscum) and triterpene\u2010containing (TT) extracts resulted in greatest induction of apoptosis. Furthermore, caspase activity demonstrated that these extracts were able to induce apoptosis through both caspase\u20108 and \u20109 dependent pathways. <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic> experimentation showed that treatment of mice with viscumTT combination prolonged mean survival to 50.5\u2003days compared to 39.3\u2003days in the phosphate\u2010buffered saline group.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>Conclusion:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Here for the first time, we have demonstrated that either solubilized triterpene acids or lectins and combinations thereof, induce dose\u2010dependent apoptosis in the ALL cell line NALM\u20106 <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> caspase\u20108 and \u20109 dependent pathways.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2184.2011.00801.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,5]],"date-time":"2012-01-05T01:47:51Z","timestamp":1325728071000},"page":"176-187","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["A new development of triterpene acid\u2010containing extracts from <i>Viscum album<\/i> L. displays synergistic induction of apoptosis in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"C. 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