{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T07:55:58Z","timestamp":1791014158897,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,9]],"date-time":"2004-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1078790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> Inflammatory infiltrates, airway hyper\u2010responsiveness, goblet cell hyperplasia and subepithelial thickening are characteristic of chronic asthma. Current animal models of allergen\u2010induced airway inflammation generally concentrate on the acute inflammation following allergen exposure and fail to mimic all of these features.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Objective\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> The aim of this study was to use a murine model of prolonged allergen\u2010induced airway inflammation in order to characterize the cells and molecules involved in the ensuing airway remodelling. Moreover, we investigated whether remodelling persists in the absence of continued allergen challenge.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> Acute pulmonary eosinophilia and airways hyper\u2010reactivity were induced after six serial allergen challenges in sensitized mice (acute phase). Mice were subsequently challenged three times a week with ovalbumin (OVA) (chronic phase) up to day 55. To investigate the persistence of pathology, one group of mice were left for another 4 weeks without further allergen challenge (day 80).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> The extended OVA challenge protocol caused significant airway remodelling, which was absent in the acute phase. Specifically, remodelling was characterized by deposition of collagen as well as airway smooth muscle and goblet cell hyperplasia. Importantly, these airway changes, together with tissue eosinophilia were sustained in the absence of further allergen challenge. Examination of cytokines revealed a dramatic up\u2010regulation of IL\u20104 and tumour growth factor\u2010\u03b21 during the chronic phase. Interestingly, while IL\u20104 levels were significantly increased during the chronic phase, levels of IL\u201013 fell. Levels of the Th1\u2010associated cytokine IFN\u2010\u03b3 also increased during the chronic phase.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> In conclusion, we have demonstrated that prolonged allergen challenge results in persistent airway wall remodelling.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2004.01895.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,9]],"date-time":"2004-03-09T11:25:53Z","timestamp":1078831553000},"page":"497-507","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":179,"title":["Prolonged allergen challenge in mice leads to persistent airway remodelling"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"S. J.","family":"Mcmillan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. 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