{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T23:50:12Z","timestamp":1777506612908,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,3]],"date-time":"2004-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1094169600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> Diagnostic patch testing in allergic contact dermatitis faces the risk of boosting existing hypersensitivities or active sensitization. Risk\u2010free and reliable <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> assays using peripheral blood are, therefore, wanted.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Objectives\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> Here, we studied new approaches for <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> monitoring of nickel\u2010specific effector ad regulatory cell functions in allergic patients and potentially tolerized individuals.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> Lymphocyte proliferation assays were carried out with the allergen and additional IL\u201012\/IL\u20107 or IL\u20104\/IL\u20107 cytokine supplements. Release of IFN\u2010\u03b3 and IL\u20105 were assessed as measures for type\u20101 and type\u20102 effector T cell function, respectively, and IL\u201010 and TGF\u2010\u03b2<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> to monitor possible regulatory T cell function reflecting immunological tolerance. After optimization of <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> cut\u2010off values, potency of these parameters was evaluated as compared with conventional nickel patch testing.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> One hundred and fifty six outpatients were included in this study, 74 of whom presenting with a positive history of nickel allergy. Nickel\u2010sulphate patch test results showed positive reactions in 43 patients, of whom 40 had a positive history (test sensitivity 54%; specificity 96%; overall accuracy 76%). Proliferation tests without cytokine supplementation showed an accuracy of 68%, which was further improved by supplementing IL\u20104\/IL\u20107 (82%). IFN\u2010\u03b3 and IL\u20105 cytokine production, as revealed in IL\u201012\/IL\u20107 and IL\u20104\/IL\u20107 supplemented cultures, respectively, showed accuracies of 70% and 83%. As to the production of putatively immunoregulatory cytokines, IL\u201010 was most informative, with highest production rates in nickel\u2010skin test negative individuals with long\u2010lasting mucosal metal contact preceding skin piercing.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> These results indicate that measuring both T cell proliferation and cytokine secretion profiles, in particular IL\u20105 release using IL\u20104\/IL\u20107 supplemented medium, offers a promising improvement of the <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> diagnostic options in monitoring nickel contact sensitization. Since oral nickel contact has been shown earlier to induce active tolerization, nickel\u2010induced <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> IL\u201010 production may help identify nickel\u2010tolerized individuals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2004.02045.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,3]],"date-time":"2004-09-03T09:41:42Z","timestamp":1094204502000},"page":"1458-1466","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Analysis of effector and regulatory immune reactivity to nickel"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"T.","family":"Rustemeyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B. M. E.","family":"Von Blomberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I. M. W.","family":"Van Hoogstraten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. 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