{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T01:57:01Z","timestamp":1778637421647,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,3]],"date-time":"2004-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1094169600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> Peanut allergy is known for its severity and persistence through life. Several peanut proteins have been identified as allergenic and are indicated as Ara h 1\u20137<jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic> Very little is known about the mechanisms that underlie sensitization to peanut proteins.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Objective\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> The purpose of the present study was to reveal the immune responses that are induced against peanut and the peanut allergens Ara h 1, Ara h 2, Ara h 3 and Ara h 6 during sensitization, including the very early responses.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> Humoral and T cell responses against peanut and the peanut allergens were examined in an early and later stage of sensitization in an established murine model of peanut anaphylaxis. Therefore C3H\/HeJ mice were orally exposed to two different doses of peanut extract plus cholera toxin.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> Oral sensitization to peanut was characterized by an antigen\u2010induced mixed cytokine response in the spleen (IL\u20104, IL\u20105, IL\u201010 and IFN\u2010\u03b3), which could already be observed 7 days after the onset of exposure. Additionally, polyisotypic humoral responses (IgE, IgG1 and IgG2a) against peanut were found in the serum. Moreover, we demonstrated that these T helper (Th)1\/Th2 cytokine and antibody responses were also directed specifically against the major peanut allergens Ara h 1, Ara h 2, Ara h 3 and Ara h 6.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> This study implicates that both Th1 and Th2 phenomena are involved in the development of peanut allergy in the C3H\/HeJ murine model. Furthermore, we show that the present oral model is suitable to examine immune responses to food allergens during different stages of sensitization upon treatment with a whole food extract.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2004.02062.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,3]],"date-time":"2004-09-03T09:41:42Z","timestamp":1094204502000},"page":"1422-1428","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Mixed antibody and T cell responses to peanut and the peanut allergens Ara h 1, Ara h 2, Ara h 3 and Ara h 6 in an oral sensitization model"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"F.","family":"Van Wijk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Hartgring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. 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