{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T11:53:32Z","timestamp":1791806012873,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,13]],"date-time":"2004-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1102896000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> Down\u2010regulation or modulation of T cell activity by immunosuppressive drugs is an effective treatment in diseases where exaggerated T cell responses play a role. A primary effect of the anti\u2010inflammatory drugs (AIDs) is inhibition of the synthesis of growth factors, such as IL\u20102, thereby down\u2010regulating T cell proliferation. However, it is still largely unknown to what extent these AIDs are able to down\u2010regulate specifically type\u20101 or type\u20102 T cell cytokine production, and whether they can down\u2010modulate chemokine receptor expression, thereby preventing migration of T cells to the site of inflammation.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Objective\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> We investigated the suppressive effect of dermatologically used AID (cyclosporin A (CsA), lactoferrin (LF), 1\u03b1, 25\u2010dihydroxyvitamin D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> (VD<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>), hydrocortisone (HC), di\u2010methyl\u2010fumarate (DMF), diclofenac (DF)) on both type\u20101 and type\u20102 T cells. Since allergic contact dermatitis is a skin disorder in which an exaggerated T cell response of both types of T cell subsets can be observed, we used this disorder as a model to study the capacity of AID to suppress type\u20101 or type\u20102 T cell responses.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of nickel allergic patients were cultured in the presence of allergen and increasing concentrations of AID. Proliferation was determined by measuring <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>H thymidine incorporation; chemokine receptor (CCR10, CCR4, CXCR3) expression was studied by flow cytometric analysis and IFN\u2010\u03b3 or IL\u20105 cytokine production was measured by ELISA.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> Three major patterns can be distinguished regarding the effect of AID on T cell responses. The first group, including CsA and LF, inhibited non\u2010selectively T cell proliferation, chemokine receptor expression and cytokine production, with CsA as the most potent drug tested. A second group of AID, which included VD<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>, HC and DMF, suppressed mainly type\u20101 T cell responses, as revealed by strong interference with IFN\u2010\u03b3 production and CXCR3 expression, and limited effects on either or both IL\u20105 and CCR4 expression. The third pattern was displayed by DF, which down\u2010regulated IL\u20105 production and CCR4 expression, whereas IFN\u2010\u03b3 and CXCR3 were unaltered.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> Using a contact allergy model, we have demonstrated that various AIDs show distinct pharmacological profiles in that either type\u20101 or type\u20102 or both T cell responses are suppressed. These results should contribute to a more rational selection of AID in treating inflammatory skin diseases mediated by either or both of these T cell subsets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2004.02124.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,13]],"date-time":"2004-12-13T11:16:00Z","timestamp":1102936560000},"page":"1868-1875","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Identification of anti\u2010inflammatory drugs according to their capacity to suppress type\u20101 and type\u20102 T cell profiles"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"H.","family":"Moed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. J.","family":"Stoof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. M.","family":"Boorsma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. M. 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