{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T14:49:42Z","timestamp":1761058182241},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,13]],"date-time":"2004-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1102896000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> Laboratory animal allergy (LAA) is an important cause of occupational sensitization and asthma. Rats are a frequent cause of LAA and the major rat allergen, Rat n 1, is a member of the lipocalin protein family, which includes several other animal allergens such as the cow allergen, Bos d 2. To date, Bos d 2 is the only mammalian lipocalin allergen to have been studied in detail.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Objective\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> We undertook a cross\u2010sectional study of a large population of individuals exposed to laboratory rats to determine the proliferative responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to the major rat allergen, Rat n 1.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> Eighty\u2010three cases (defined by a positive skin prick test (SPT) 3\u2003mm and\/or a positive RAST 2% binding) and 274 referents without specific IgE to rats were tested for their proliferative responses of PBMCs to rat allergen. Cytokine release to rat urinary protein was examined in 28 sensitized and 42 non\u2010sensitized exposed individuals.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> Proliferation to rat urinary protein was weak in all individuals. Four regions within Rat n 1 were identified as containing potential immunodominant T cell epitopes and three of these co\u2010localized within the conserved regions of the lipocalin molecule. All four regions within Rat n 1 overlapped considerably with the characterized epitopes of the lipocalin allergen, Bos d 2. IL\u20105 and ratios of IL\u20105\/IFN\u2010\u03b3 were significantly increased in cases.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> The response to Rat n 1 is remarkably similar to the cow lipocalin allergen Bos d 2. T cell epitopes within lipocalins appear to co\u2010localize with the conserved regions of the molecule. LAA is characterized by an increased production of IL\u20105. Investigation of other lipocalin allergens will provide further information about the allergenicity of this group of proteins.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2004.02126.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,13]],"date-time":"2004-12-13T11:16:00Z","timestamp":1102936560000},"page":"1919-1925","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Determination of the T cell epitopes of the lipocalin allergen, Rat n 1"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"H.","family":"Jeal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Draper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. Newman","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Cullinan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.60.8.604"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","article-title":"Determinants for developing allergy to laboratory rats","volume":"56","author":"Draper A","year":"2001","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.1983.tb05085.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"The lipocalin protein family","volume":"318","author":"Flower DR.","year":"1996","journal-title":"structure and function"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","first-page":"577","article-title":"The major dog allergens, can f 1 and can f 2, are salivary lipocalin proteins","volume":"92","author":"Konieczny A","year":"1997","journal-title":"cloning and immunological characterization of the recombinant forms"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M002854200"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/S0969-2126(97)00205-0","article-title":"Bovine beta\u2010lactoglobulin at 1.8 a resolution\u2013still an enigmatic lipocalin","volume":"5","author":"Brownlow S","year":"1997","journal-title":"Structure"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","first-page":"1297","article-title":"Complementary DNA cloning of the predominant allergen of bovine dander","volume":"97","author":"Mantyjarvi R","year":"1996","journal-title":"a new member in the lipocalin family"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.2001.00973.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.3.1415","article-title":"T cell epitopes of a lipocalin allergen colocalize with the conserved regions of the molecule","volume":"162","author":"Zeiler T","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","first-page":"795","article-title":"HLA associations with occupational sensitization to rat lipocalin allergens","volume":"111","author":"Jeal H","year":"2003","journal-title":"a model for other animal allergies?"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Sub\u2010committee on skin tests of the european academy of allergology and clinical immunology","volume":"44","author":"Skin tests used in type I allergy testing position paper.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(72)90117-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(93)90173-D"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-2478(93)90033-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007967901271"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","first-page":"945","article-title":"Allergen\u2010specific human T cell clones","volume":"83","author":"Gurka G","year":"1989","journal-title":"derivation, specificity, and activation requirements"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","first-page":"398","article-title":"Allergy to lipocalins","volume":"20","author":"Virtanen T","year":"1999","journal-title":"a consequence of misguided T-cell recognition of self and nonself?"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","first-page":"247","article-title":"Important animal allergens are lipocalin proteins","volume":"120","author":"Virtanen T","year":"1999","journal-title":"why are they allergenic?"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200322952"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.156.3.9610033"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","first-page":"563","article-title":"IL\u20105 secretion by allergen\u2010stimulated CD4+ T cells in primary culture","volume":"99","author":"Till S","year":"1997","journal-title":"relationship to expression of allergic disease"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3003.1999.13e33.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199711000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000236971"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4706","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.152.9.4706","article-title":"Recognition of T cell epitopes and lymphokine secretion by rye grass allergen lolium perenne I\u2010specific human T cell clones","volume":"152","author":"Spiegelberg HL","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4203","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.152.8.4203","article-title":"Characterization of cat dander\u2010specific t lymphocytes from atopic patients","volume":"152","author":"Van Neerven RJ","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Immunol"}],"container-title":["Clinical &amp; Experimental Allergy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2222.2004.02126.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2004.02126.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,14]],"date-time":"2023-10-14T00:51:48Z","timestamp":1697244708000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2004.02126.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2004.02126.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2004.02126.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0954-7894","1365-2222"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0954-7894","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2222","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]}}}