{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T12:30:34Z","timestamp":1790857834309,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,21]],"date-time":"2005-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1111363200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background and aim\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease often accompanied by cutaneous <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> colonization and, in this regard, especially complicated by the presence of superantigen\u2010producing strains. Because IgG antibodies comprise an important defence mechanism of the adaptive immune system against bacteria, it was investigated whether AD patients have an abnormal pattern or distribution of superantigen\u2010specific IgG subclass antibodies in association with disease severity and activity.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) and staphylococcal enterotoxin C1 (SEC1) specific IgG antibody subclasses were assessed in <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=89 adult AD patients with mild to severe disease activity as determined by the SCORAD score and in <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=28 healthy age\u2010matched controls. Results were correlated with the current status of bacterial skin colonization and severity score.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> Thirty\u2010eight per cent of the AD patients showed a selective deficiency in IgG2 antibodies against SEC1 compared with only 14% in the control group. The absence of these antibodies was found in both currently colonized and non\u2010colonized AD patients and was associated with a severe phenotype (SCORAD more than 40 points in two\u2010thirds of the deficient patients). However, these patients had normal production levels of IgG2 antibodies against <jats:italic>pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide<\/jats:italic> (PCP) and SEB, but higher IgG1 and IgG4 titres against SEC1. Except for elevated total IgG1, total IgG subclass levels were normal in this AD subgroup. Yet, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) derived from these patients clearly produced IL\u20104 and IL\u20105 upon SEC1 re\u2010stimulation whereas PBMCs from those providing SEC1\u2010specific IgG2 antibodies failed in the production of these cytokines.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> A subgroup of AD patients suffers from a selective deficiency to produce anti\u2010SEC1 IgG2 antibodies. This patient group is characterized by a severe AD phenotype.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2005.02192.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,21]],"date-time":"2005-03-21T22:25:09Z","timestamp":1111443909000},"page":"274-281","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Deficiency in immunoglobulin G2 antibodies against staphylococcal enterotoxin C1 defines a subgroup of patients with atopic dermatitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Mrabet\u2010Dahbi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Breuer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Klotz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"U.","family":"Herz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Heeg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Werfel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Renz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00008480-200308000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1977.01640100061009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.61.1.20"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000246218"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1990.tb01455.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mr.55.4.733-751.1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","first-page":"1064","article-title":"Staphylococcal skin colonization in children with atopic dermatitis","volume":"165","author":"Hoeger PH","year":"1992","journal-title":"prevalence, persistence, and transmission of toxigenic and nontoxigenic strains"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116711"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00257.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)90498-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2000.105528"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(99)70535-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","first-page":"55","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"147","author":"Breuer K","year":"2002","journal-title":"colonizing features and influence of an antibacterial treatment in adults with atopic dermatitis"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1398-9995.2000.00432.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1990.tb03137.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12338479"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2000.105524"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021481"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.6.3262"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)63033-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Antibodies. 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