{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T20:06:16Z","timestamp":1791317176174,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,29]],"date-time":"2006-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1143590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> Asthma is more prevalent among males in childhood, but females report higher rates in adulthood. The reasons are unknown; although it has been hypothesized that hormonal factors may explain this sex\u2010dependent risk of adult\u2010onset asthma.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Objective\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> To determine whether a woman's reproductive history or use of oral contraceptives is associated with adult\u2010onset asthma.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> In 1991\u20131993, we surveyed 681 women aged 29\u201332 years randomly sampled from participants first surveyed at age 7 years by the 1968 Tasmanian Asthma Survey, a study of all children born in 1961 and attending school. Current asthma was defined as reporting asthma or wheezy breathing in the past 12 months.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> In women who did not have asthma or wheezy breathing by age 7 years, 13% had current asthma. The risk of current asthma in these who were parous increased with the number of births (odds ratio (OR) 1.50 per birth, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01\u20132.23 <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.04) while women with one birth were at a lower risk than nulliparous women (OR 0.46 95% CI 0.2\u20131.06, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.07). Independent of parity, the risk decreased by 7% (95% CI 0\u201313%) per year of oral contraceptive pill use in all women. In women who did have asthma or wheezy breathing by age 7 years, neither reproductive history nor oral contraceptive pill use predicted current asthma.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> Our observation that parity and decreased oral contraceptive use predict asthma in women, is consistent with the hypothesis that the asthma that develops after childhood is in part a response to endogenous and exogenous female hormones. This may be due to alterations of cytokine responses by the pregnant state, triggering adult\u2010onset asthma in women.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2006.02475.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,29]],"date-time":"2006-03-29T14:57:10Z","timestamp":1143644230000},"page":"609-613","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Parity and decreased use of oral contraceptives as predictors of asthma in young women"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"M. A.","family":"Jenkins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. C.","family":"Dharmage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. B.","family":"Flander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. A.","family":"Douglass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. M.","family":"Ugoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. B.","family":"Carlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. M.","family":"Sawyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. G.","family":"Giles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. L.","family":"Hopper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","first-page":"537","article-title":"Asthma from birth to age 23","volume":"47","author":"Anderson HR","year":"1992","journal-title":"incidence and relation to prior and concurrent atopic disease"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.162.1.9907008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3437","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1992.03490240045034","article-title":"The influence of age and sex on asthma admissions","volume":"268","author":"Skobeloff RM","year":"1992","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.308.6944.1596"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","first-page":"263","article-title":"Comparative study of progesterone, estradiol, and cortisol concentrations in asthmatic and non\u2010asthmatic women","volume":"16","author":"Rubio RL","year":"1988","journal-title":"Allergol Immunopathol (Madrid)"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.150.5.7952549"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.150.5.7952543"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.54.12.1119"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.309.6947.90"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","first-page":"201","article-title":"Respiratory disorders in seven\u2010year\u2010old children in Tasmania","volume":"2","author":"Gibson HB","year":"1969","journal-title":"aims, methods and administration of the survey"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.1993.tb00602.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/25.3.609"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","volume-title":"Stata statistical software: release 6.0","author":"Stata Corp.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","first-page":"831","article-title":"Frequency, severity and duration of rhinovirus infections in asthmatic and non\u2010asthmatic individuals","volume":"359","author":"Corne J","year":"2002","journal-title":"a longitudinal cohort study"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200102013440507"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)17704-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","first-page":"675","article-title":"Differential levels of T helper cytokines in preeclampsia","volume":"8","author":"Omu AE","year":"1999","journal-title":"pregnancy, labor and puerperium"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","first-page":"731","article-title":"Tolerance to the foeto\u2010placental \u2018graft\u2019","volume":"12","author":"Thellin O","year":"2000","journal-title":"ten ways to support a child for nine months"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.3.1087"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bst0280212"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","first-page":"353","article-title":"Beta1\u2010adrenoceptors mediating relaxation of the guinea\u2010pig trachea","volume":"33","author":"Johansson U","year":"1981","journal-title":"experiments with prenalterol, a beta1-selective adrenoceptor agonist"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000275841"}],"container-title":["Clinical &amp; Experimental Allergy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2222.2006.02475.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2006.02475.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]],"date-time":"2023-10-13T09:36:45Z","timestamp":1697189805000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2006.02475.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,29]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2006.02475.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2006.02475.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0954-7894","1365-2222"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0954-7894","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2222","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,29]]}}}