{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:04:01Z","timestamp":1791925441561,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]],"date-time":"2006-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1149120000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> Alginic acid is comprised of complex polymerized polysaccharides, and can be chemically extracted from seaweed. Alginic acid has an inhibitory effect on histamine release, but its molecular mechanisms are not well understood.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Objective\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> To investigate the effect of alginic acid on the mast cell\u2010mediated anaphylactic and inflammatory reaction using <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> models and elucidate its molecular mechanisms.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Materials and method\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> The effect of alginic acid on an allergy model was analysed by anaphylaxis, a histidine decarboxylase (HDC) assay, and a histamine assay. Cytokine production was analysed by means of ELISA. Cytokine expression was analysed by means of RT\u2010PCR, and Western blotting. Transcription factor activity was analysed by a luciferase assay and a transcription factor\u2010enzyme linked immunoassay.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> Alginic acid dose dependently inhibited compound 48\/80\u2010induced systemic anaphylaxis with doses of 0.25\u20131\u2003g\/kg 1\u2003h (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.01, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=6) and significantly inhibited passive cutaneous anaphylaxis by 54.8%. Alginic acid (0.01\u20131\u2003\u03bcg\/mL) inhibited histamine release from serum and peritoneal mast cells (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.01). All these effects were stronger than those of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), the reference drug tested. Alginic acid also inhibited HDC expression and activity on the phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)+A23187\u2010stimulated human mast cell line, HMC\u20101 cells. Moreover, alginic acid significantly inhibited the production of PMA+A23187\u2010induced inflammatory cytokines, IL\u20101\u03b2 and TNF\u2010\u03b1, but not that of IL\u20106 or IL\u20108. In activated HMC\u20101 cells, the expression level of nuclear factor (NF)\u2010\u03baB<jats:italic>\/Rel A<\/jats:italic> protein increased in the nucleus, whereas the level of NF\u2010\u03baB<jats:italic>\/Rel A<\/jats:italic> in the nucleus was decreased by alginic acid treatment. In addition, alginic acid (0.01\u2003\u03bcg\/mL) decreased the PMA+A23187\u2010induced luciferase activity and DNA\u2010binding activity.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> The present results indicate that alginic acid has potent anti\u2010anaphylactic and anti\u2010inflammatory properties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2006.02508.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]],"date-time":"2006-06-01T21:56:18Z","timestamp":1149198978000},"page":"785-794","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":95,"title":["Alginic acid has anti\u2010anaphylactic effects and inhibits inflammatory cytokine expression via suppression of nuclear factor\u2010\u03baB activation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"H.\u2010J.","family":"Jeong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.\u2010A.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.\u2010D.","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.\u2010J.","family":"Na","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.\u2010K.","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.\u2010Y.","family":"Um","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.\u2010M.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.\u2010H.","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","first-page":"31863","article-title":"Structure and function of a hypothetical Pseudomonas aeruginosa protein PA1167 classified into family PL\u20107","volume":"279","author":"Yamasaki M","year":"2004","journal-title":"a novel alginate lyase with a beta-sandwich fold"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2776(08)60508-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/339064a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/339150a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3853","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.151.7.3853","article-title":"Immunolocalization of cytokines in the nasal mucosa of normal and perennial rhinitic subjects. The mast cell as a source of IL\u20104, IL\u20105, and IL\u20106 in human allergic mucosal inflammation","volume":"151","author":"Bradding P","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","first-page":"G1","article-title":"Histamine","volume":"262","author":"Rangachari PK.","year":"1992","journal-title":"mercurial messenger in the gut"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(03)00696-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cb.10.110194.002201"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.12.040194.001041"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","first-page":"97","article-title":"Conserved kappa B element located downstream of the tumor necrosis factor alpha gene","volume":"11","author":"Kuprsh DV","year":"1995","journal-title":"distinct NF-kappa B binding pattern and enhancer activity in LPS activated murine macrophages"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/me.10.6.713"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","first-page":"1498","article-title":"Regulation of tumor necrosis factor alpha transcription in macrophages","volume":"10","author":"Collart MA","year":"1990","journal-title":"involvment of four kB-like motifs and of constitutive and inducible forms of NF-kB"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","first-page":"3301","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin\u20101 lead to phophorylation and loss of I\u03baB","volume":"13","author":"Beg AA","year":"1993","journal-title":"a mechanism for NF-\u03baB activation"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(94)90482-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90511-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000076830"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","first-page":"675","article-title":"New medicinal treatment for severe gingivostomatitis","volume":"2","author":"Katayama S","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","first-page":"1047","article-title":"Reparative effects of sodium alginate (Alloid G) on radiation stomatitis","volume":"49","author":"Hasegawa T","year":"1989","journal-title":"Nippon lgaku Hoshasen Gakkai Zasshi"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02976837"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.61.1030"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","first-page":"464","article-title":"Intracellular calcium release induced by histamine releasers and its inhibition by some antiallergic drugs","volume":"56","author":"Tasaka K","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ann Allergy"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1568010023344733"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","first-page":"325","article-title":"Induction of l\u2010histidine decarboxylase in a human mast cell line, HMC\u20101","volume":"26","author":"Maeda K","year":"1998","journal-title":"Exp Hematol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1012850630351"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1389450043345308"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(03)01073-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","first-page":"274","article-title":"NF\u2010ATp","volume":"15","author":"Rao A.","year":"1994","journal-title":"a transcription factor required for the co-ordinate induction of several cytokine genes"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","first-page":"195","article-title":"Adhesion of immature and mature T cells induces in human thymic epithelial cells (TEC) activation of IL\u20106 gene trascription factors (NF\u2010kappaB and NF\u2010IL6) and IL\u20106 gene expression","volume":"7","author":"Fiorini E","year":"2000","journal-title":"role of alpha3beta1 and alpha6beta4 integrins"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.270.5234.283"}],"container-title":["Clinical &amp; Experimental Allergy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2222.2006.02508.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2006.02508.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,15]],"date-time":"2023-10-15T22:37:13Z","timestamp":1697409433000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2006.02508.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2006.02508.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2006.02508.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0954-7894","1365-2222"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0954-7894","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2222","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]}}}