{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T19:26:17Z","timestamp":1791141977923,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,2]],"date-time":"2006-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1159747200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our aims were to assess association of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) with childhood asthma measured up to age 6 and the effect of DDE on the protective effect of breastfeeding on asthma. In addition, we attempted to assess the relevant time\u2010window of DDE exposure (i.e. at birth or at 4 years).<\/jats:p><jats:p>All women presenting for antenatal care in Menorca, Spain over a 12\u2010month period beginning in mid\u20101997 were invited to take part in a longitudinal study that included a yearly visit. Four hundred eighty\u2010two children were enrolled and 462 provided complete outcome data after 6.5 years of follow\u2010up. Organochlorine compounds were measured in cord serum of 402 (83%) infants and in blood samples of 285 children aged 4. We defined asthma as the presence of wheezing at age 6 and during any preceding year or doctor\u2010diagnosed asthma, and used skin prick test at age 6 to determine atopic status.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>\u2002At birth and 4 years of age, all children had detectable levels of DDE (median 1\u2003ng\/mL and 0.8\u2003ng\/mL, respectively). From birth to age 4, the mean DDE level among children with artificial feeding decreased by 72%, while among breastfed children it increased by 53%. Diagnosed asthma and persistent wheezing were associated with DDE at birth [odds ratio (OR) for an increase in 1\u2003ng\/mL, OR=1.18, 95% confidence interval (95% CI)=1.01\u20131.39 and OR=1.13, 95% CI=0.98\u20131.30, respectively], but not with DDE at 4 years. Neither breastfeeding nor atopy modified these associations (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&gt;0.3). Breastfeeding protected against diagnosed asthma (OR=0.33, 95% CI=0.08\u20130.87) and wheezing (OR=0.53, 95% CI=0.34\u20130.82) in children with low and high DDE levels at birth.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>\u2002In a community without known dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane environmental releases, this study strengthens the evidence for an effect of DDE on asthma by measuring the disease at age 6 and does not support the hypothesis that DDE modifies the protective effect of breastfeeding on asthma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2006.02560.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,2]],"date-time":"2006-10-02T14:33:17Z","timestamp":1159799597000},"page":"1236-1241","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Early exposure to dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, breastfeeding and asthma at age six"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Sunyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Torrent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Garcia\u2010Esteban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Ribas\u2010Fit\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Carrizo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Romieu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. M.","family":"Ant\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. O.","family":"Grimalt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.01.069"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","first-page":"901","article-title":"Long\u2010term relation between breastfeeding and development of atopy and asthma in children and young adults","volume":"360","author":"Sears MR","year":"2002","journal-title":"a longitudinal study"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es0518427"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-200109000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","first-page":"760","article-title":"Early\u2010life environmental factors for asthma","volume":"112","author":"Salam MT","year":"2004","journal-title":"findings from the Children's Health Study"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.8127"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00039890109602896"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3016.2003.00488.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.56.3.205"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","first-page":"1304","article-title":"The relationship between persistent organic pollutants in maternal and neonatal tissues and immune response to allergens","volume":"63","author":"Noakes PS","year":"2006","journal-title":"a novel exploratory study"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.16.1519"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwg131"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200310-1348OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","first-page":"895","article-title":"Levels of hexachlorobenzene and other organochlorine compounds in cord serum","volume":"43","author":"Sala M","year":"2001","journal-title":"exposure across placenta"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01855862"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/153.1.53"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.8594"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00039890209602086"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.196.89"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","first-page":"1200","article-title":"Out of the mouths of babes and sucklings","volume":"48","author":"Silverman M.","year":"1993","journal-title":"lessons from early childhood asthma"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2002.125296"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/375581a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-200105000-00022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-200207000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13776-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1580327"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2004.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2005.00658.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.85.4.504"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.001081203"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/62.1.71"}],"container-title":["Clinical &amp; Experimental Allergy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2222.2006.02560.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2006.02560.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]],"date-time":"2023-10-13T19:10:58Z","timestamp":1697224258000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2006.02560.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2006.02560.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2006.02560.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0954-7894","1365-2222"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0954-7894","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2222","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]}}}