{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T16:52:00Z","timestamp":1791046320564,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,2]],"date-time":"2006-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1159747200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p> <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010Phenylenediamine (PPD) is a commonly used hair\u2010dye and a potent skin allergen. The mechanism of sensitization is unknown, as PPD is protein unreactive. We studied Bandrowski's base (BB), a PPD trimer, as well as 1,4\u2010benzoquinone (BQ), a PPD hapten. PPD patch\u2010test positive patients were patch\u2010tested to BB and BQ. All tests were negative to 0.01% BQ and 0.01% BB. Five of 14 (35.7%) tested had true positive reactions to 0.1% BQ. One percent BQ was found to be irritant. Seven of 43 tested (16%) were positive to either 0.1% or 1% BB. The positive reactions to BB were weak, even when PPD reactions were strong. Mice lymph node assay gave EC3 values of 0.14% for PPD compared with 0.03% for BB. Therefore, BB is approximately 10 times more potent than PPD, taking into account the molarity. We suggest that while PPD may act as a prohapten, there is probably a spectrum of antigenic determinants <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. BB may be bound or metabolized by keratinocytes before it reacts with Langerhans cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2006.02561.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,2]],"date-time":"2006-10-02T14:33:17Z","timestamp":1159799597000},"page":"1289-1293","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["<i>p<\/i>\u2010Phenylenediamine allergy: the role of Bandrowski's base"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"J. M. L.","family":"White","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Kullavanijaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Duangdeeden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Zazzeroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. 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