{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T13:49:18Z","timestamp":1760622558820},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,6]],"date-time":"2006-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1165363200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> Several candidate genes have been found to be associated with the inflammatory response of IgE\u2010mediated allergy, so also the immunoglobulin constant heavy G chain (<jats:italic>IGHG<\/jats:italic>) genes. The <jats:italic>IGHG<\/jats:italic> genes are situated close to the <jats:italic>IGHE<\/jats:italic> gene on chromosome 14q32, 5\u2032\u03bc, \u03b4, \u03b33, \u03b31, \u03b11, \u03b32, \u03b34, \u025b, \u03b12, 3\u2032. They are inherited in a Mendelian fashion and expressed randomly in allelic exclusion. The alternative and functionally different \u03b33, \u03b31 and \u03b32 gene variants are found in four <jats:italic>IGHG<\/jats:italic> haplotypes, coding four B cell variants.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Objective\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of different <jats:italic>IGHG<\/jats:italic> genes in relation to phenotypes associated with allergy, in a case\u2013control study.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> We identified the constant heavy\u2010chain genes of IgG in 198 allergic and non\u2010allergic children participating in the Phase II of the International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Children. The <jats:italic>IGHG<\/jats:italic> genes were assessed by the alternative serum IgG subclass allotypes expressing the alternative alleles of \u03b33, \u03b31 and \u03b32 genes, using ELISA and double immunodiffusion.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> The <jats:italic>IGHG<jats:sup>*<\/jats:sup>bfn<\/jats:italic> haplotype (=B1 cells) and <jats:italic>IGHG2<jats:sup>*<\/jats:sup>n<\/jats:italic> allele dominated (51% vs. 24%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.002) and the <jats:italic>IGHG<jats:sup>*<\/jats:sup>bf\u2010n<\/jats:italic> haplotype (=B2 cells) was infrequent (16% vs. 52%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001) in allergic children with a family history of allergy, clinical manifest allergy and positive skin prick test (SPT). The frequency of <jats:italic>IGHG<\/jats:italic> genes was similar in children with maternal and paternal heredity and in children with wheezing, eczema or rhinitis, as well as in children with different positive SPT. The <jats:italic>IGHG<jats:sup>*<\/jats:sup>bfn<\/jats:italic> haplotype with the <jats:italic>IGHG2<jats:sup>*<\/jats:sup>n<\/jats:italic> allele was strongly associated with heredity for allergy. The <jats:italic>IGHG<jats:sup>*<\/jats:sup>bf\u2010n<\/jats:italic> haplotype was inversely related to allergy.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> IgG allotypes, immunochemical and functional variants of IgG molecules from <jats:italic>IGHG<\/jats:italic> genes are associated with atopy. The <jats:italic>IGHG<jats:sup>*<\/jats:sup>bfn<\/jats:italic> haplotype (=B1 cells) with the <jats:italic>IGHG2<jats:sup>*<\/jats:sup>n<\/jats:italic> allele dominates, associated with an increased risk for atopy. In contrast, the <jats:italic>IGHG<jats:sup>*<\/jats:sup>bf\u2010n<\/jats:italic> haplotype (=B2 cells) with the <jats:italic>IGHG2<jats:sup>*<\/jats:sup>\u2010n<\/jats:italic> allele is associated with low risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2006.02602.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,6]],"date-time":"2006-12-06T08:48:48Z","timestamp":1165394928000},"page":"1616-1624","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Immunoglobulin constant heavy G chain genes as risk factors in childhood allergies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"V.\u2010A.","family":"Oxelius","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Br\u00e5b\u00e4ck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Ahlstedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Bj\u00f6rkst\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","first-page":"483","article-title":"International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC)","volume":"8","author":"Asher MI","year":"1995","journal-title":"rationale and methods"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2001.112262","article-title":"The health economics of asthma and rhinitis. 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