{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T21:48:26Z","timestamp":1771364906829,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,5]],"date-time":"2007-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1175731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> It has been hypothesized that early\u2010life exposure to vaccinations, infections or antibacterials influence allergic disease development. Concurrent exposure to grass pollens may alter any effect.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Objective\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> To test the hypothesis that exposure to antibacterials, vaccinations (DTP or MMR) or specific infections during the first grass pollen seasons of life influences the risk of hayfever more than at any other time of the year.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> Nested case\u2013control studies were based on birth cohorts within two large databases of computerized patient records from UK general practices: the General Practice Research Database (GPRD) and Doctors' Independent Network (DIN). Seven thousand ninety\u2010eight hayfever cases, diagnosed after age 2, were matched to controls for practice, age, sex and follow\u2010up of control to case ascertainment date. Conditional logistic regression was used to compare exposure by age 1 (age 2 for MMR) inside vs. outside the grass pollen season (May, June, July). Odds ratios (ORs) were pooled across databases.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> There were no associations in either database between MMR during vs. outside the grass pollen season and later hayfever. Of 23 infections studied, none were statistically significant; although analyses for the less common conditions were limited by low statistical power. The pooled OR for hayfever comparing exposure to antibacterials only in the grass pollen season with only outside it was 1.20 (95% CI 0.98\u20131.47) and for DTP was 0.84 (95% CI 0.72\u20130.98).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> Although an interaction between early exposure to microbial agents and concurrent grass pollen exposure on hayfever risk seemed plausible, there was little evidence to support it across a range of analyses. However, the effect of DTP though weak deserves further study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2007.02697.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,5]],"date-time":"2007-04-05T23:25:57Z","timestamp":1175815557000},"page":"512-517","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Vaccinations, infections and antibacterials in the first grass pollen season of life and risk of later hayfever"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"S. A.","family":"Bremner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I. M.","family":"Carey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"DeWilde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Richards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W. C.","family":"Maier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. R.","family":"Hilton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. P.","family":"Strachan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. G.","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1989.tb02761.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.1993.tb00731.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1990.tb02685.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","first-page":"183","article-title":"Month of birth, atopic disease, and atopic sensitization","volume":"11","author":"Saitoh Y","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Invest Allergol Clin Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1992.tb03032.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.74.5.422"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/10.1.45"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","first-page":"1189","article-title":"Role of viral infections in the inception of asthma and allergies during childhood","volume":"49","author":"Martinez FD.","year":"1994","journal-title":"could they be protective?"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","first-page":"985","article-title":"Vaccination and allergic disease","volume":"94","author":"McKeever TM","year":"2004","journal-title":"a birth cohort study"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2004.051714"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","first-page":"43","article-title":"Early exposure to infections and antibiotics and the incidence of allergic disease","volume":"109","author":"McKeever TM","year":"2002","journal-title":"a birth cohort study with the West Midlands General Practice Research Database"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","first-page":"1518","article-title":"Early\u2010life exposure to antibacterials and the subsequent development of hayfever in childhood in the UK","volume":"33","author":"Bremner SA","year":"2003","journal-title":"case\u2013control studies using the General Practice Research Database and the Doctors' Independent Network"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2004.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","first-page":"14","article-title":"Implications of the problem orientated medical record (POMR) for research using electronic GP databases","volume":"4","author":"Carey I","year":"2003","journal-title":"a comparison of the Doctors Independent Network Database (DIN) and the General Practice Research Database (GPRD)"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.1999.00369.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","volume-title":"SAS System for SunOS, version 8.1","author":"SAS Institute Inc.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","first-page":"21","article-title":"A comparison of the recording of 30 common childhood conditions in the Doctors' independent network and the general practice research databases","volume":"22","author":"DeWilde S","year":"2004","journal-title":"Health Stat Quart"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","volume-title":"Stata for Windows, version 8.0","author":"Stata Corporation.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","first-page":"9","article-title":"Sbe16","volume":"38","author":"Sharp S","year":"1997","journal-title":"meta-analysis"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.57.5.379"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38069.512245.FE"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.03.00039102"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2006.02468.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","first-page":"911","article-title":"Annual variations in grass pollen seasons in London 1961\u20131990","volume":"23","author":"Emberlin J","year":"1993","journal-title":"trends and forecast models"}],"container-title":["Clinical &amp; Experimental Allergy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2222.2007.02697.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2007.02697.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]],"date-time":"2023-10-13T18:24:10Z","timestamp":1697221450000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2007.02697.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2007.02697.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2007.02697.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0954-7894","1365-2222"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0954-7894","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2222","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]}}}