{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T14:58:12Z","timestamp":1761058692568},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,18]],"date-time":"2007-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1182124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> We have previously reported that asthma differs from rhinitis with or without bronchial hyperresponsiveness in the perception and degree of lower airway inflammation.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Objective\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> The aim of the present study was to investigate whether sputum levels of inflammatory markers could further distinguish these patient groups.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> Patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis with or without asthma or bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine were investigated. Induced sputum was performed during as well as off season, and analysed for cysteinyl\u2010leukotrienes, hyaluronan, eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP) and other inflammatory markers.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> Asthmatic patients differentiated from those with rhinitis with or without bronchial hyperresponsiveness in levels of cysteinyl\u2010leukotrienes [geometric mean: 3.3 (lower 95%\u2013upper 95% confidence interval (CI) of geometric mean: 1.9\u20135.1) vs. 1.4 (0.9\u20132.2) and 0.7 (0.3\u20131.6)\u2003pg\/\u03bcg total protein] and hyaluronan [0.30 (0.22\u20130.43) vs. 0.15 (0.10\u20130.20) and 0.20 (0.12\u20130.35)\u2003ng\/\u03bcg total protein] in sputum. The levels of cysteinyl\u2010leukotrienes decreased in sputum from the asthmatic patients, while the levels of hyaluronan remained elevated off\u2010season. Furthermore, elevated levels of ECP were noticed among both the asthmatic and rhinitis patients with hyperresponsiveness compared with controls [0.022 (0.014\u20130.033) and 0.015 (0.011\u20130.021) compared with 0.010 (0.007\u20130.014)\u2003ng\/\u03bcg total protein]. The level of ECP remained elevated off season.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> Cysteinyl\u2010leukotrienes are possibly more related to mast cell\u2010mediated inflammation and remodelling, also indicated by increased levels of hyaluronan during and off season. This inflammation may be partly different from the eosinophil\u2010driven inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2007.02746.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,18]],"date-time":"2007-06-18T08:18:53Z","timestamp":1182154733000},"page":"1067-1073","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Cysteinyl\u2010leukotriene levels in sputum differentiate asthma from rhinitis patients with or without bronchial hyperresponsiveness"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"E.","family":"Tufvesson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Aronsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Bjermer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","first-page":"21","article-title":"Long\u2010term risk factors for developing asthma and allergic rhinitis","volume":"15","author":"Settipane RJ","year":"1994","journal-title":"a 23-year follow-up study of college students"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","first-page":"301","article-title":"Perennial rhinitis","volume":"104","author":"Leynaert B","year":"1999","journal-title":"an independent risk factor for asthma in nonatopic subjects: results from the European community respiratory health survey"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","first-page":"57","article-title":"Treating allergic rhinitis in patients with comorbid asthma","volume":"109","author":"Crystal\u2010Peters J","year":"2002","journal-title":"the risk of asthma-related hospitalizations and emergency department visits"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","first-page":"1457","article-title":"Allergic rhinitis with or without concomitant asthma","volume":"35","author":"Aronsson D","year":"2005","journal-title":"difference in perception of dyspnoea and levels of fractional exhaled nitric oxide"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2005.00296.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)61202-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","first-page":"58","article-title":"Eosinophils, mast cells, and basophils in induced sputum from patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis and perennial asthma","volume":"100","author":"Foresi A","year":"1997","journal-title":"relationship to methacholine responsiveness"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1398-9995.2000.00534.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1398-9995.2000.00312.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3003.2000.15e07.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1398-9995.2003.00386.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","first-page":"696","article-title":"Eosinophil cationic protein","volume":"101","author":"Koh GC","year":"2007","journal-title":"is it useful in asthma? 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