{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T15:27:46Z","timestamp":1769873266131,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,28]],"date-time":"2007-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1188259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>Background\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> In our clinic we routinely patch test patients referred from occupational health for the investigation of latex contact urticaria. We also undertake both patch and prick testing (where indicated) in patients referred with persistent dermatitis\/eczema. If investigation of allergic skin disease is undertaken by a non\u2010dermatologist, it is unlikely that patch testing will be performed.<\/jats:p>Objective\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> To carry out a retrospective analysis of patients who had been prick tested to establish whether an incomplete diagnosis would have been reached if patch testing had been omitted.<\/jats:p>Methods\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> Details of patients who had attended for patch testing between July 2004 and December 2005 were analysed. Patients who had had prick tests and patch testing were identified. The outcomes of prick tests and patch testing were documented together with the clinical relevance.<\/jats:p>Results\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> Three hundred and thirty out of 1060 patients referred to the clinic were prick tested. 54.2% patients were referred from dermatologists. 26.6% were referred from occupational health, 68 patients had positive reactions on prick testing of whom 36 had positive patch tests (52.9%), which were of current relevance in 27 patients (39.7%). Nine out of 106 health workers referred to exclude latex contact urticaria had positive prick tests to latex. Fifty of these patients demonstrated delayed\u2010type hypersensitivity with nickel, cobalt, rubber and its additives being the most common allergens found. Of the 262 patients who had negative prick tests, 121 had positive patch tests (46.1%) of current relevance to patient history in 92 subjects (35.1%). While none of the six patients referred for investigation of reaction to local anaesthetics had a positive prick test, one was allergic to local anaesthetic on patch testing.<\/jats:p>Conclusion\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> Omission of patch testing from the investigation of allergic skin disease, even when contact urticaria may be the sole suspected diagnosis, would result in the frequent missed diagnosis of contact allergy. We recommend that patients with suspected allergic skin disease are investigated in an environment where investigation of both immediate\u2010 and delayed\u2010type hypersensitivity can be undertaken. In particular, patients with atopic eczema, suspected latex rubber allergy, hand dermatitis (particularly occupational) and drug reactions should be targeted to receive both investigations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2007.02805.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,1]],"date-time":"2007-09-01T04:11:21Z","timestamp":1188619881000},"page":"1541-1546","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Allergic skin disease: investigation of both immediate\u2010 and delayed\u2010type hypersensitivity is essential"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"N.","family":"Usmani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. M.","family":"Wilkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2001.04499.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)60895-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","first-page":"157","article-title":"Prevalence and methodology of patch testing by allergists in the United States","volume":"13","author":"Farrell AL","year":"2002","journal-title":"results of a cross sectional survey"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1991.tb01663.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1993.tb03314.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2000.00577.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","first-page":"669","article-title":"The relationship between IgE mediated and cell mediated hypersensitivities in an unselected Danish population","volume":"134","author":"Nielson NH","year":"1996","journal-title":"the Glostrup Allergy Study, Denmark"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1996.03890270037005","article-title":"Latex allergy. Review of 44 cases including outcome and frequent association with allergic hand eczema","volume":"132","author":"Taylor JS","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.2002.01308.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","first-page":"114","article-title":"Type IV hypersensitivity reactions to natural rubber latex","volume":"146","author":"Sommer S","year":"2002","journal-title":"results of a multicentre study"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1991.tb142134.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","first-page":"228","article-title":"Type IV allergy in the food processing industry","volume":"46","author":"Bauer A","year":"2002","journal-title":"sensitization profiles in bakers, cooks and butchers"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","first-page":"229","article-title":"Oral allergy syndrome (pollen\u2013food allergy syndrome)","volume":"26","author":"Purohit\u2010Sheth TS","year":"2005","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Proc"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","first-page":"209","article-title":"Immediate and delayed contact hypersensitivity in children older than 5 years with atopic dermatitis","volume":"11","author":"Oranje AP","year":"1994","journal-title":"a pilot study comparing different tests"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","first-page":"114","article-title":"Allergic contact dermatitis in children","volume":"154","author":"Clayton TH","year":"2006","journal-title":"should pattern of dermatitis determine referral?"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2001.450601.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","first-page":"933","article-title":"Adverse reactions to local anesthetics","volume":"97","author":"Gall H","year":"1996","journal-title":"analysis of 197 cases"}],"container-title":["Clinical & Experimental Allergy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2222.2007.02805.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2007.02805.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]],"date-time":"2023-10-13T21:56:52Z","timestamp":1697234212000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2007.02805.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,28]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2007.02805.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2007.02805.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0954-7894","1365-2222"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0954-7894","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2222","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,28]]}}}