{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T11:31:03Z","timestamp":1790854263326,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,3]],"date-time":"2008-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1217721600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> Although exposure to tobacco smoke has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality, cigarette smoking is still common in the asthmatic population. Induced sputum neutrophilia has been observed in asthmatic smokers, but the effects of regular smoking on their bronchial mucosa morphology remain to be defined. This study documents the inflammatory and remodelling features in bronchial biopsies of smoking compared with non\u2010smoking asthmatics.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> We analysed bronchial biopsies from 24 steroid\u2010na\u00efve young subjects with mild asthma: 12 non\u2010smoking and 12 currently smoking subjects. In addition to airway morphology assessment, inflammation and remodelling were analysed by immunohistochemistry using antibodies against CD3, CD68, major basic protein, neutrophil elastase, and tryptase. Expression of the cytokines IL\u20104, IL\u20105, IL\u20108, IFN\u2010\u03b3, transforming growth factor\u2010\u03b2, and TNF was determined by <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic> hybridization.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> Compared with non\u2010smoking asthmatic subjects, smoking asthmatics' bronchial mucosa showed squamous cell metaplasia, in addition to increased expression of subepithelial neutrophil elastase, IFN\u2010\u03b3, and intraepithelial IL\u20108.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> Smoking status modifies morphological and inflammatory processes in young subjects with mild asthma. The changes may possibly affect asthma treatment responses and clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2008.03032.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,4]],"date-time":"2008-08-04T00:58:18Z","timestamp":1217811498000},"page":"1582-1589","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Influence of smoking on airway inflammation and remodelling in asthma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"St\u2010Laurent","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Bergeron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Pag\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Couture","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Laviolette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L\u2010P.","family":"Boulet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.92.6.1002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3003.2000.15.14.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","first-page":"135","article-title":"Relationship between inflammatory cells and structural changes in the lungs of asymptomatic and never smokers","volume":"58","author":"Amin K","year":"2003","journal-title":"a biopsy study"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","first-page":"833","article-title":"Cigarette smoking and lung destruction. 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