{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T22:40:36Z","timestamp":1771022436700,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,7]],"date-time":"2010-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1275868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> Human rhinovirus (HRV) infections are a major cause of exacerbations in chronic respiratory conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, but HRV\u2010induced immune responses of the lower airway are poorly understood. Earlier work examining cytokine release following HRV infection has focused on epithelial cells because they serve as the principal site of viral replication, and internalization and replication of viral RNA appear necessary for epithelial cell mediator release. However, during HRV infection, only a small proportion of epithelial cells become infected. As HRV\u2010induced cytokine levels <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> are markedly elevated, this observation suggests that other mechanisms independent of direct viral infection may induce epithelial cell cytokine release.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Objective\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> Our aim was to test for the importance of interactions between human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) and monocytic cells in the control of mediator release during HRV exposure.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold>  <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic> models of HRV serotype\u201016 (HRV16) infection of primary HBECs and human monocytic cells, in mono or co\u2010culture, were used. We assessed HRV16\u2010induced CXCL10 and CCL2 protein release via ELISA.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> Co\u2010culture of human monocytic and bronchial epithelial cells promoted a synergistic augmentation of CXCL10 and CCL2 protein release following HRV16 challenge. Transfer of conditioned media from HRV16\u2010treated monocytic cells to epithelial cultures induced a robust release of CXCL10 by the epithelial cells. This effect was greatly attenuated by type I IFN receptor blocking antibodies, and could be recapitulated by IFN\u2010\u03b1 addition.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> Our data indicate that epithelial CXCL10 release during HRV infection is augmented by a monocytic cell\u2010dependent mechanism involving type I IFN(s). Our findings support a key role for monocytic cells in the amplification of epithelial cell chemokine production during HRV infection, and help to explain how an inflammatory milieu is created in the lower airways even in the absence of extensive viral replication and epithelial infection.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:italic>Cite this as<\/jats:italic>: N. L. Korpi\u2010Steiner, S. M. Valkenaar, M. E. Bates, M. D. Evans, J. E. Gern and P. J. Bertics, <jats:italic>Clinical &amp; Experimental Allergy<\/jats:italic>, 2010 (40) 1203\u20131213.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2010.03546.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,7]],"date-time":"2010-06-07T18:46:50Z","timestamp":1275936410000},"page":"1203-1213","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Human monocytic cells direct the robust release of CXCL10 by bronchial epithelial cells during rhinovirus infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"N. L.","family":"Korpi\u2010Steiner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. M.","family":"Valkenaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. E.","family":"Bates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. 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