{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T01:14:07Z","timestamp":1773364447690,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,7]],"date-time":"2010-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1286409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Cite this as: M. Okano, T. Fujiwara, T. Haruna, S. Kariya, S. Makihara, T. Higaki and K. Nishizaki, Clinical &amp; Experimental Allergy, 2011 (41) 171\u2013178.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> Fungi and\/or <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> enterotoxins (SEs) may participate in the pathogenesis of eosinophilic inflammation in cases of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Objective\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> We sought to determine the effects of fungal antigens on eosinophilia\u2010associated cellular responses in nasal polyps.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> Dispersed nasal polyp cells (DNPCs) were prepared from 13 patients with CRSwNP. DNPCs were cultured with fungal extracts (<jats:italic>Aspergillus, Alternaria<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>) or SEB for 72\u2003h, after which the levels of IL\u20105, IL\u201013 and RANTES were measured within the supernatant. Responses to \u03b2\u2010<jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\u2010glucan, mannan and chitin were also examined.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> 38.5%, 69.2% and 30.8% of DNPCs produced IL\u20105, IL\u201013 and RANTES, respectively, in response to 200\u2003\u03bcg\/mL of <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>. 53.8%, 53.8% and 7.7% of DNPCs produced IL\u20105, IL\u201013 and RANTES, respectively, in response to 200\u2003\u03bcg\/mL of <jats:italic>Alternaria<\/jats:italic>. 53.8%, 38.5% and 15.4% of DNPCs produced IL\u20105, IL\u201013 and RANTES, respectively, in response to 200\u2003\u03bcg\/mL of <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>. All DNPCs produced these cytokines in response to 0.1\u2003\u03bcg\/mL of SEB. SEB induced significantly greater cytokine levels than the fungal extracts. No correlation between cytokine production following exposure to each of the fungal extracts or SEB and various clinical features, including nasal polyp eosinophilia and radiological severity of sinusitis was observed. Neither sensitization to fungus nor comorbidity with bronchial asthma was correlated with the fungal extract\u2010induced cytokine production by DNPCs. \u03b2\u2010<jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\u2010glucan, mannan and chitin did not induce significant cytokine production.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> These results suggest that, although DNPCs produce IL\u20105, IL\u201013 and RANTES in response to fungal extracts, fungal antigens including major carbohydrates are less capable of inducing eosinophilia\u2010associated cellular responses in nasal polyps than SEB.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2010.03584.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,7]],"date-time":"2010-10-07T07:48:48Z","timestamp":1286437728000},"page":"171-178","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Role of fungal antigens in eosinophilia\u2010associated cellular responses in nasal polyps: a comparison with enterotoxin"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Okano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Fujiwara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Haruna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Kariya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Makihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Higaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Nishizaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","first-page":"606","article-title":"Sinusitis and asthma","volume":"109","author":"Borish L.","year":"2002","journal-title":"entering the realm of evidence-based medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","first-page":"163","volume-title":"Chronic rhinosinusitis. 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