{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T18:34:58Z","timestamp":1769279698521,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]],"date-time":"2011-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1306886400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Activin\u2010A is a pleiotropic cytokine that belongs to the TGF\u2010\u03b2 superfamily and plays an important role in fundamental biological processes, such as development and tissue repair. Growing evidence proposes a crucial role for activin\u2010A in immune\u2010mediated responses and associated diseases, with both enhancing and suppressive effects depending on the cell type, the cytokine micromilieu and the context of the response. Several recent studies have demonstrated a striking increase in activin\u2010A expression in experimental models of asthma, as well as, in the asthmatic airway in humans. Importantly, a strong immunoregulatory role for activin\u2010A in allergic airway disease, with suppression of T helper (Th) type 2 cell\u2010driven allergic responses and protection against the development of cardinal features of the asthmatic phenotype was revealed by <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> functional studies. Activin\u2010A\u2010mediated immunosuppression is associated with induction of functional allergen\u2010specific regulatory T cells. In human asthma, although activin\u2010A levels are increased in the airway epithelium and submucosal cells, the expression of its signalling components is markedly decreased, pointing to decreased regulation. Nevertheless, a rapid activation of the activin\u2010A signalling pathway is observed in the airway of individuals with asthma following inhalational allergen challenge, suggestive of an inherent protective mechanism to control disease. In support, <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> studies using human airway epithelial cells have demonstrated that endogenous activin\u2010A suppresses the release of inflammatory mediators, while it induces epithelial repair. Collectively, compelling evidence suggests that activin\u2010A orchestrates the regulation of key events involved in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. The critical role of activin\u2010A in allergic airway responses places this cytokine as an exciting new therapeutic target for asthma.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Cite this as<\/jats:italic>: H. H. Kariyawasam, M. Semitekolou, D. S. Robinson and G. Xanthou, <jats:italic>Clinical &amp; Experimental Allergy<\/jats:italic>, 2011 (41) 1505\u20131514.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2011.03784.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]],"date-time":"2011-06-01T10:51:27Z","timestamp":1306925487000},"page":"1505-1514","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Activin\u2010A: a novel critical regulator of allergic asthma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"H. H.","family":"Kariyawasam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Semitekolou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. 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