{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T08:59:01Z","timestamp":1769331541102,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,10]],"date-time":"2011-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1312934400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>Background <\/jats:bold> Epidemiological studies have suggested that gastro\u2010intestinal infections including <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>, intestinal microflora (commensal bacteria) and geohelminths may influence the risk of asthma and allergy but data from early life are lacking.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>Objective <\/jats:bold> We aimed to determine the independent effects of these infections on allergic disease symptoms and sensitization in an Ethiopian birth cohort.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>Methods <\/jats:bold> In 2008\/09, 878 children (87% of the 1006 original singletons in a population\u2010based birth cohort) were followed up at age 3 and interview data obtained on allergic symptoms and potential confounders. Allergen skin tests to <jats:italic>Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus<\/jats:italic> and cockroach were performed, levels of Der p 1 and Bla g 1 in the child's bedding measured and stool samples analysed for geohelminths and, in a random subsample, enterococci, lactobacilli, bifidobacteria and <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> antigen. The independent effects of each exposure on wheeze, eczema, hayfever and sensitization were determined using multiple logistic regression.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>Results <\/jats:bold> Children were commonly infected with <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> (41%; 253\/616), enterococci (38.1%; 207\/544), lactobacilli (31.1%; 169\/544) and bifidobacteria (18.9%; 103\/544) whereas geohelminths were only found in 8.5% (75\/866). <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> infection was associated with a borderline significant reduced risk of eczema (adjusted OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.24\u20131.01, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.05) and <jats:italic>D. pteronyssinus<\/jats:italic> sensitization (adjusted OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.17\u20131.08, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.07). Geohelminths and intestinal microflora were not significantly associated with any of the outcomes measured.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>Conclusion and Clinical Relevance <\/jats:bold> Among young children in a developing country, we found evidence to support the hypothesis of a protective effect of <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> infection on the risk of allergic disease. Further investigation of the mechanism of this effect is therefore of potential therapeutic and preventive value.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Cite this as<\/jats:italic>: A. Amberbir, G. Medhin, W. Erku, A. Alem, R. Simms, K. Robinson, A. Fogarty, J. Britton, A. Venn, and G. Davey, <jats:italic>Clinical &amp; Experimental Allergy<\/jats:italic>, 2011 (41) 1422\u20131430.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2011.03831.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,11]],"date-time":"2011-08-11T02:04:52Z","timestamp":1313028292000},"page":"1422-1430","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["Effects of <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i>, geohelminth infection and selected commensal bacteria on the risk of allergic disease and sensitization in 3\u2010year\u2010old Ethiopian 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