{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T09:01:55Z","timestamp":1768813315750,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,2]],"date-time":"2011-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1312243200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>Background <\/jats:bold> Reports from several African countries have noted an increasing prevalence of asthma in areas of extensive urbanization.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>Objective <\/jats:bold> To investigate the relevance of allergen\u2010specific sensitization and body mass index (BMI) to asthma\/wheezing and exercise\u2010induced bronchospasm (EIB) among children from affluent and poorer communities within a large town in Ghana.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>Methods <\/jats:bold> Children with physician\u2010diagnosed asthma and\/or current wheezing aged 9\u201316 years (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=99; cases) from three schools with differing socio\u2010economic backgrounds [urban affluent (UA), urban poor (UP) or suburban\/rural (SR)] were recruited from a cross\u2010sectional study (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=1848) in Kumasi, Ghana, and matched according to age, sex and area of residence with non\u2010asthmatic\/non\u2010wheezy controls. We assayed sera for IgE antibodies to mite, cat, dog, cockroach, <jats:italic>Ascaris<\/jats:italic> and galactose\u2010\u03b1\u20101,3\u2010galactose.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>Results <\/jats:bold> Children from the UA school had the lowest total serum IgE. However, cases from the UA school had a higher prevalence and mean titre of sIgE to mite (71.4%, 21.2\u2003IU\/mL) when compared with controls (14.3%, 0.8\u2003IU\/mL) or cases from UP (30%, 0.8\u2003IU\/mL) and SR community (47.8%, 1.6\u2003IU\/mL). While similar findings were observed with EIB in the whole population, among cases there was no difference in IgE antibody prevalence or titre between children with or without EIB. BMI was higher among UA children with and without asthma; in UP and SR communities, children with EIB (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=14) had a significantly higher BMI compared with children with asthma\/wheezing without EIB (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=38) (18.2 vs. 16.4, respectively, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.01).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance <\/jats:bold> In the relatively affluent school, asthma\/wheezing and EIB were associated with high titre IgE antibodies to mite, decreased total IgE, and increased BMI. This contrasted with children in the urban poor school and suggests that changes relevant to a Western model of childhood asthma can occur within a short geographical distance within a large city in Africa.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Cite this as<\/jats:italic>: W. Stevens, E. Addo\u2010Yobo, J. Roper, A. Woodcock, H. James, T. Platts\u2010Mills and A. Custovic, <jats:italic>Clinical &amp; Experimental Allergy<\/jats:italic>, 2011 (41) 1587\u20131594.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2011.03832.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,3]],"date-time":"2011-08-03T18:29:59Z","timestamp":1312396199000},"page":"1587-1594","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Differences in both prevalence and titre of specific immunoglobulin E among children with asthma in affluent and poor communities within a large town in Ghana"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"W.","family":"Stevens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Addo\u2010Yobo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Roper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Woodcock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Platts\u2010Mills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Custovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","first-page":"161","article-title":"Exercise induced bronchospasm in Ghana","volume":"52","author":"Addo Yobo EO","year":"1997","journal-title":"differences in prevalence between urban and rural schoolchildren"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.46.8.549"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","first-page":"67","article-title":"Prevalence of exercise\u2010induced bronchospasm in Thokoza schoolchildren","volume":"96","author":"Mashalane MB","year":"2006","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2002.122937"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)01151-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(77)90203-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","first-page":"631","article-title":"Skin sensitivity patterns to inhalant allergens in Nigerian asthmatic patients","volume":"69","author":"Awotedu AA","year":"1992","journal-title":"East Afr Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","first-page":"1357","article-title":"Allergic disease in urban and rural populations","volume":"60","author":"Nicolaou N","year":"2005","journal-title":"increasing prevalence with increasing urbanization"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","first-page":"247","article-title":"Prevalence of symptoms of asthma, rhinitis and eczema in 13\u2010 to 14\u2010year\u2010old children in Africa","volume":"62","author":"Ait\u2010Khaled N","year":"2007","journal-title":"the international study of asthma and allergies in childhood phase III"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","first-page":"355","article-title":"Exercise\u2010induced bronchospasm and atopy in Ghana","volume":"4","author":"Addo\u2010Yobo EO","year":"2007","journal-title":"two surveys ten years apart"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2001.117464"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2006.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","first-page":"6","article-title":"Boys with high body masses have an increased risk of developing asthma","volume":"30","author":"Mannino DM","year":"2006","journal-title":"findings from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY)"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","first-page":"173","article-title":"The role of domestic allergens","volume":"206","author":"Platts\u2010Mills TA","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ciba Found Symp"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","first-page":"406","article-title":"Phase II of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC II)","volume":"24","author":"Weiland SK","year":"2004","journal-title":"rationale and methods"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3038.2002.01051.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.12.1131"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa074943"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","first-page":"317","article-title":"Epidemiology and immunology of Necator americanus infection in a community in Papua New Guinea","volume":"100","author":"Pritchard DI","year":"1990","journal-title":"humoral responses to excretory-secretory and cuticular collagen antigens"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","first-page":"59","article-title":"Investigations on the control of hookworm diseases. 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