{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T14:05:31Z","timestamp":1773151531247,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,22]],"date-time":"2012-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1329868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The fraction of nitric oxide in exhaled air (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FE<jats:sub>NO<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>) is increased in rhinitis and asthma. We have previously suggested that elevated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FE<jats:sub>NO<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> levels in the absence of asthma symptoms may be a sign of \u2018early asthma\u2019. In the present study, we hypothesize that elevated exhaled <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:roman>NO<\/jats:roman><\/jats:styled-content> levels may also precede rhinitis symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate in a cohort of adolescents whether or not increased exhaled <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:roman>NO<\/jats:roman><\/jats:styled-content> levels at the age of 13\u201314\u00a0years predicted new\u2010onset or persistent rhinitis within a 4\u2010year period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 959 randomly selected adolescents (13\u201314\u00a0years) completed a questionnaire on respiratory symptoms at baseline and follow\u2010up, 4\u00a0years later. Exhaled <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:roman>NO<\/jats:roman><\/jats:styled-content> was measured at baseline. After exclusion of subjects with asthma diagnosis or asthma symptoms at baseline, 657 participants were eligible for the present study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Higher <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FE<jats:sub>NO<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> levels at baseline were associated with increased risk for new\u2010onset (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.009) and persistent rhinitis (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.03) within a 4\u2010year period. The risk of new\u2010onset rhinitis was 2.32 (1.23, 4.37) [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>)] times higher if <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FE<jats:sub>NO<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0&gt;\u00a090th percentile of the group without rhinitis at baseline. This increased risk for new\u2010onset rhinitis was significant [2.49 (1.24, 5.01)] after excluding subjects with allergic symptoms. The risk of persistent rhinitis was 5.11 (1.34, 19.57) times higher if <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FE<jats:sub>NO<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0&gt;\u00a090th percentile of the group without rhinitis at baseline.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Elevated exhaled nitric oxide levels predicted incident and persistent rhinitis in this population\u2010based study of adolescents. Moreover, these findings were consistent after excluding subjects with allergic symptoms. Thus, it appears that elevation of exhaled <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:roman>NO<\/jats:roman><\/jats:styled-content> precedes airway symptoms and predicts development of rhinitis in subjects without allergic symptoms or family history of allergic disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2011.03947.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,28]],"date-time":"2011-12-28T10:31:34Z","timestamp":1325068294000},"page":"433-440","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Increased exhaled nitric oxide predicts new\u2010onset rhinitis and persistent rhinitis in adolescents without allergic symptoms"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Malinovschi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences Clinical Physiology Uppsala University Uppsala 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