{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T03:34:29Z","timestamp":1790134469366,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,24]],"date-time":"2012-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Many patients with non\u2010eosinophilic asthma have increased numbers of neutrophils in the airways. The explanation for this chronic inflammation remains unclear, but may result from an impaired ability of alveolar macrophages to phagocytose apoptotic cells (a process termed \u2018efferocytosis\u2019), as we have shown in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COPD<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine induced sputum as a non\u2010invasive technique to characterize efferocytosis in chronic lung diseases and to compare efferocytosis in patients with non\u2010eosinophilic asthma, eosinophilic asthma and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COPD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants with stable asthma (20 with eosinophilic and 30 with non\u2010eosinophilic) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COPD<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>11) underwent clinical assessment including allergy skin tests, saline challenge and sputum induction. Sputum cells were dispersed using dithiothreitol and resuspended in culture medium. Efferocytosis of apoptotic bronchial epithelial cells by sputum\u2010derived macrophages was determined using flow cytometry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were no significant differences in efferocytosis between paired sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage macrophages from three subjects. Efferocytosis was significantly impaired in patients with non\u2010eosinophilic asthma [mean (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content>) 0.95 (0.24)] compared with eosinophilic asthma [1.17 (0.19)] and to a similar degree as patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COPD<\/jats:styled-content> [1.04 (0.16)]. Sputum neutrophils were significantly higher in patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COPD<\/jats:styled-content> and non\u2010eosinophilic asthma compared with eosinophilic asthma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Induced sputum provides a reliable and non\u2010invasive method for studying macrophage efferocytosis in chronic lung disease. Macrophage efferocytosis is impaired in non\u2010eosinophilic asthma to a similar degree as that in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COPD<\/jats:styled-content> and may explain the persistent airway neutrophilia and chronic inflammation that characterizes this asthma subtype.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2012.04075.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,29]],"date-time":"2012-11-29T01:59:20Z","timestamp":1354154360000},"page":"29-35","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":106,"title":["Impaired macrophage phagocytosis in non\u2010eosinophilic asthma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"J. L.","family":"Simpson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease The University of Newcastle Newcastle Australia"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine Hunter Medical Research Institute Newcastle Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. G.","family":"Gibson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease The University of Newcastle Newcastle Australia"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine Hunter Medical Research Institute Newcastle Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I. A.","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine The University of Queensland St Lucia Australia"},{"name":"The Prince Charles Hospital Chermside Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Upham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine The University of Queensland St Lucia Australia"},{"name":"Princess Alexandra Hospital Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital Perth Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. 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