{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T23:33:48Z","timestamp":1773444828751,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,30]],"date-time":"2004-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1080604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>Human hookworm infections are distributed widely in tropical areas and have a significant impact on host morbidity and human health. In the present study, we investigated the cellular responsiveness and cytokine production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from Necator americanus-infected schoolchildren who had recently received chemotherapy, and compared them with non-infected endemic controls. Hookworm patients and treated, egg-negative individuals showed a lower cellular reactivity against phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and hookworm antigen when compared with egg-negative endemic controls. The baseline production of proinflammatory tumour necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1) in PBMC from infected patients and treated, egg-negative individuals was elevated. On the other hand, PHA- or hookworm antigen-induced interleukin (IL)-12 and interferon (IFN)-\u03b3 secretion was higher in endemic controls than in hookworm patients, who either continued egg-positive or were egg-negative after treatment. Also, PBMC from endemic controls secreted more IL-5 and IL-13 than the other patient groups. Opposite to that, the spontaneous as well as the antigen-driven IL-10 secretion was lower in endemic controls when compared with the other groups. In summary, patently hookworm-infected as well as egg-negative treated patients disclosed an elevated spontaneous cellular secretion of proinflammatory TNF-\u03b1, a prominent secretion of regulatory Th2-type IL-10 and an impaired production of IL-12, IFN-\u03b3, IL-5 and IL-13.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2004.02449.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,8]],"date-time":"2004-04-08T08:00:40Z","timestamp":1081411240000},"page":"334-340","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Cellular responses and cytokine production in post-treatment hookworm patients from an endemic area in Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"136","author":[{"given":"S M","family":"GEIGER","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Centro de Pesquisas Ren\u00e9 Rachou, Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunologia, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil"},{"name":"Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C L","family":"MASSARA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Centro de Pesquisas Ren\u00e9 Rachou, Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunologia, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"BETHONY","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Centro de Pesquisas Ren\u00e9 Rachou, Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunologia, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil"},{"name":"George Washington University, Department of Microbiology and Tropical Medicine, Washington DC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P T","family":"SOBOSLAY","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"CORR\u00caA-OLIVEIRA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Centro de Pesquisas Ren\u00e9 Rachou, Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunologia, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022011223184689900_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000078410","article-title":"The evaluation of potential global morbidity attributable to intestinal nematode infections","volume":"109","author":"Chan","year":"1994","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"2022011223184689900_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.2307\/3285768","article-title":"How much human helminthiasis is there in the world?","volume":"85","author":"Crompton","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"2022011223184689900_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/7.1.111","article-title":"Selective primary health care: strategies for control of disease in the developing world. 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