{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T08:52:41Z","timestamp":1784191961649,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,8]],"date-time":"2004-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1086652800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>The immunological response in HTLV-1 infected individuals is characterized by a prominent Type-1 cytokine response with high production of IFN-\u03b3 and TNF-\u03b1. In contrast, helminthic infections and in particular chronic schistosomiasis are associated with a predominant production of IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13. Liver fibrosis is the main pathological finding in schistosomiasis that occurs after many years of infection. This pathology is T cell dependent but the immune response mechanisms are not completely understood. The North-east region of Brazil is endemic for both HTLV-1 and schistosomiasis. In the present study the immune response, clinical severity, and therapeutic response to praziquantel of patients with schistosomiasis coinfected with HTLV-1 were compared with patients infected only with S. mansoni. Patients with HTLV-1 and S. mansoni had lower levels of IL-5 (P\u2003&amp;lt;\u20030\u00b705) and higher levels of IFN-\u03b3 (P\u2003&amp;lt;\u20030\u00b705) in cultures stimulated with S. mansoni antigen and decreased S. mansoni antigen specific IgE levels when compared with patients with schistosomiasis without HTLV-1 coinfection. Liver fibrosis was mild in all HTLV-1 coinfected patients and efficacy of praziquantel was lower in patients dually infected than in patients infected only with S. mansoni.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2004.02508.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,16]],"date-time":"2004-07-16T16:16:38Z","timestamp":1089994598000},"page":"424-429","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["HTLV-1 modifies the clinical and immunological response to schistosomiasis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"137","author":[{"given":"A F","family":"PORTO","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Imunologia do Hospital Unversit\u00e1rio Prof Edgard Santos"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S B","family":"SANTOS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Imunologia do Hospital Unversit\u00e1rio Prof Edgard Santos"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"ALC\u00c2NTARA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Parasitologia, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade Federal da Bahia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J B","family":"GUERREIRO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Imunologia do Hospital Unversit\u00e1rio Prof Edgard Santos"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"PASSOS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Imunologia do Hospital Unversit\u00e1rio Prof Edgard Santos"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T","family":"GONZALEZ","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Imunologia do Hospital Unversit\u00e1rio Prof Edgard 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