{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T15:47:33Z","timestamp":1772034453829,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,18]],"date-time":"2004-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1092787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>CD4+\u2003and CD8+ lymphocytes are mobilized in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the CD8+ cytokine interleukin (IL)-16 is believed to be important in regulating the recruitment and activity of CD4+ lymphocytes. In the current study, we examined whether tobacco smoke exerts an impact not only on IL-16 in the lower airways but also in CD4+ or CD8+ lymphocytes or in lymphoid tissue. The concentration of IL-16 protein was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in concentrated bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) collected from 33 smokers with chronic bronchitis (CB), eight asymptomatic smokers (AS) and seven healthy never-smokers (NS). The concentrations of IL-16 and soluble IL-2 receptor alpha (sIL-2R\u03b1) protein were also measured in conditioned medium from human blood CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes stimulated with tobacco smoke extract (TSE) in vitro. IL-16 mRNA was assessed in vitro as well, using reverse transcription\u2013polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Finally, the intracellular immunoreactivity for IL-16 protein (IL-16IR) was assessed in six matched pairs of palatine tonsils from smokers and non-smokers. BALF IL-16 was higher in CB and AS than in NS. TSE substantially increased the concentration of IL-16 but not sIL-2R\u03b1 in conditioned medium from CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes. There was no corresponding effect on IL-16 mRNA. IL-16IR in tonsils was lower in smokers than in non-smokers. The current findings demonstrate that tobacco smoke exerts a wide impact on the CD8+ cytokine IL-16, in the airway lumen, in blood CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes and in lymphoid tissue. The effect on IL-16 release may be selective for preformed IL-16 in CD4+ lymphocytes. New clinical studies are required to evaluate whether tobacco smoke mobilizes T lymphocytes via IL-16 in the lower airways and whether this mechanism can be targeted in COPD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2004.02580.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,16]],"date-time":"2004-09-16T13:49:46Z","timestamp":1095342586000},"page":"75-82","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Impact of tobacco smoke on interleukin-16 protein in human airways, lymphoid tissue and T lymphocytes"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"138","author":[{"given":"A","family":"ANDERSSON","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lung Pharmacology Group, Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sahlgrenska Academy, G\u00f6teborg University, G\u00f6teborg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I","family":"QVARFORDT","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lung Pharmacology Group, Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sahlgrenska Academy, G\u00f6teborg University, G\u00f6teborg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"LAAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lung Pharmacology Group, Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sahlgrenska Academy, G\u00f6teborg University, G\u00f6teborg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"SJ\u00d6STRAND","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lung Pharmacology Group, Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sahlgrenska Academy, G\u00f6teborg University, G\u00f6teborg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"MALMH\u00c4LL","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lung Pharmacology Group, Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sahlgrenska Academy, G\u00f6teborg University, G\u00f6teborg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G C","family":"RIISE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lung Pharmacology Group, Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sahlgrenska Academy, G\u00f6teborg University, G\u00f6teborg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L-O","family":"CARDELL","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Allergy Research, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Malm\u00f6 University Hospital, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"LIND\u00c9N","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lung Pharmacology Group, Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sahlgrenska Academy, G\u00f6teborg University, G\u00f6teborg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022010901425037100_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2111084","article-title":"Airway inflammation in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: relationship with lung function and radiologic emphysema","volume":"166","author":"Turato","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2022010901425037100_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.122.2.437","article-title":"Abnormal peripheral blood T-lymphocyte subsets in a subgroup of patients with COPD","volume":"122","author":"Kim","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2022010901425037100_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2563","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.128.6.2563","article-title":"Modulation of lymphocyte migration by human lymphokines. 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