{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T03:22:33Z","timestamp":1791256953736,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,12]],"date-time":"2004-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1100217600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>Crohn's disease (CD) is associated with low bone mass due to chronic inflammation and other factors. Receptor activator of NF-\u03baB ligand (RANKL), its receptor RANK and its decoy receptor osteoprotegerin (OPG) are potentially involved in this process as they regulate osteoclastogenesis and are influenced by pro-inflammatory cytokines. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of soluble RANKL (sRANKL), RANK and OPG expression both in the serum and in the colon of CD patients. Levels of sRANKL and OPG were assessed in the serum and the supernatants of cultured colonic biopsies in patients with CD and controls by ELISA. RANK expression was explored by immunostaining and immunofluorescence of fixed colonic samples. OPG and sRANKL levels were higher in the serum of CD patients as compared to age- and sex-matched controls. Levels of sRANKL and OPG were significantly enhanced in cultured colonic biopsies from CD, and OPG levels correlated with histological inflammation, and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels. No significant correlation was found for sRANKL. RANK+ cells were increased in the colon of CD, particularly in inflamed areas. These cells were positive for CD68 or S100 protein. We conclude that serum and local levels of sRANKL and OPG are increased in CD. Moreover, RANK is expressed in the colonic mucosa by subpopulations of activated macrophages or dendritic cells at higher levels in CD compared to normal colon.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2004.02643.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,15]],"date-time":"2004-11-15T19:14:48Z","timestamp":1100546088000},"page":"491-498","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Increased expression of receptor activator of NF-<i>\u03ba<\/i>B ligand (RANKL), its receptor RANK and its decoy receptor osteoprotegerin in the colon of Crohn's disease patients"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"138","author":[{"given":"N","family":"FRANCHIMONT","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Department"},{"name":"CTCM-CBIG"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"REENAERS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology department"},{"name":"CTCM-CBIG"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"LAMBERT","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Department"},{"name":"CTCM-CBIG"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"BELAICHE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology department"},{"name":"CTCM-CBIG"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V","family":"BOURS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CTCM-CBIG"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"MALAISE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Department"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"DELVENNE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Department,University of Li\u00e8ge, CHU Sart-Tilman, 4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E","family":"LOUIS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology department"},{"name":"CTCM-CBIG"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022010901424029200_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(98)70381-6","article-title":"Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Etiology and pathogenesis","volume":"115","author":"Fiocchi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2022010901424029200_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.42.4.477","article-title":"Activation of nuclear factor kappa B in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"42","author":"Schreiber","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2022010901424029200_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-7915(97)80180-X","article-title":"T Cells and cytokines in Crohn's disease","volume":"9","author":"Romagnani","year":"1997","journal-title":"Current Opin Immunol"},{"key":"2022010901424029200_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.40.3.313","article-title":"Bone mineral density is reduced in patients with Crohn's disease but not in patients with ulcerative colitis: a population based study","volume":"40","author":"Jahnsen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2022010901424029200_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(94)90227-5","article-title":"Low bone mineral density in Crohn's disease, but not in ulcerative colitis at diagnosis","volume":"107","author":"Ghosh","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2022010901424029200_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.46.2.176","article-title":"Fracture risk is increased in Crohn's disease but not in ulcerative colitis","volume":"46","author":"Vestergaard","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2022010901424029200_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-133-10-200011210-00012","article-title":"The incidence of fracture among patients with inflammatory bowel disease. 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