{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T13:15:25Z","timestamp":1765545325514},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,3]],"date-time":"2005-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1115078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is substantial evidence that T-cells are off balance in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides. Genetic risk factors may influence shaping of the TCR repertoire and regulatory control of T-cells in predisposed individuals. T-cells are found in inflammatory lesions. Vigorous Th1-type responses are seen in Wegener's granulomatosis and microscopic angiitis, whereas a Th2-type response predominates in Churg\u2013Strauss syndrome. Oligoclonality and shortened telomers indicate antigen-driven clonal expansion and replicative senescence of T-cells in ANCA-associated vasculitides. Potent CD28\u2013 Th1-type cells displaying an effector-memory\/late differentiated, senescent phenotype are expanded in peripheral blood and are found in granulomatous lesions in Wegener's granulomatosis. Differences in proliferative peripheral blood T-cell responses to the autoantigens proteinase 3 (PR3)- and myeloperoxidase (MPO) have not consistently been detected between patients with ANCA-associated vasculitides and healthy controls in vitro. To recognize an autoantigen, break tolerance, and maintain autoimmune disease T- and B-cells require particular triggers and lymphoid structures. There is preliminary evidence of lymphoid-like structures and possible maturation of autoreactive PR3-ANCA-specific B-cells in granulomatous lesions in Wegener's granulomatosis. Alteration of the T-cell response and anomalous autoantigen-presentation in lymphoid-structures could facilitate development of autoimmune disease in ANCA-associated vasculitides.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2005.02808.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,1]],"date-time":"2005-07-01T17:55:07Z","timestamp":1120240507000},"page":"201-210","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Off balance: T-cells in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"141","author":[{"given":"P","family":"Lamprecht","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022010817000773200_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199711203372106","article-title":"Small vessel vasculitis","volume":"337","author":"Jennette","year":"1997","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022010817000773200_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)80118-3","article-title":"Primary systemic vasculitis","volume":"349","author":"Savage","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022010817000773200_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.38.759","article-title":"Immunopathology of ANCA-associated vasculitis","volume":"38","author":"Csernok","year":"1999","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"2022010817000773200_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1097\/00002281-200001000-00003","article-title":"Are animal models of vasculitis suitable tools","volume":"12","author":"Specks","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"2022010817000773200_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0215918","article-title":"Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies specific for myeloperoxidase cause glomerulonephritis and vasculitis in mice","volume":"110","author":"Xiao","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2022010817000773200_b6","first-page":"1411","article-title":"Jenne DE. 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