{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T03:21:38Z","timestamp":1790392898403,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,27]],"date-time":"2006-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1143417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Common variable immunodeficiency disease (CVID) is a heterogeneous syndrome characterized by low immunoglobulin serum levels and recurrent bacterial infections. Several studies suggest that CVID patients have a polarized immune response towards a T helper type 1 phenotype (TH1). However, the factors causing the TH1 polarization remain to be determined in this disease. In the present study, serum interleukin (IL)-12, interferon (IFN)-\u03b3 levels and the IL-12p40 and IFN-\u03b3 gene were studied in CVID patients. Furthermore, we evaluate dendritic cells (DCs) compartment, myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) and plasmocytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), which help to differentiate naive T cells preferentially into TH1 and TH2, respectively. The serum IL-12p40 subunit levels were increased significantly in CVID patients compared to healthy controls. We examined whether these elevated serum IL-12p40 levels are associated with IFN-\u03b3 or IL-12p40 gene polymorphisms, or with new mutations in the IL-12p40 promoter gene. In our hands, no new mutations were found and gene polymorphisms frequencies in CVID patients were similar to the control population. In conclusion, the elevated serum levels of IL-12p40 found in our CVID patients were not related to these genetic variations. The DC compartment analysis did not show an imbalance between pDCs and mDCs, but revealed the presence of low numbers and percentage of both DC populations in CVID.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2006.03063.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,18]],"date-time":"2006-04-18T09:27:56Z","timestamp":1145352476000},"page":"233-238","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Elevated serum interleukin (IL)-12p40 levels in common variable immunodeficiency disease and decreased peripheral blood dendritic cells: analysis of IL-12p40 and interferon-\u03b3 gene"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"144","author":[{"given":"N","family":"Martinez-Pomar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Service, Hospital Universitari Son Dureta, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Island, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Raga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Service, Hospital Universitari Son Dureta, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Island, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Ferrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Service, Hospital Universitari Son Dureta, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Island, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Pons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Service, Hospital Universitari Son Dureta, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Island, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I","family":"Munoz-Saa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Service, Hospital Universitari Son Dureta, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Island, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M-R","family":"Julia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Service, Hospital Universitari Son Dureta, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Island, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"De Gracia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neumology Service, Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebr\u00f3n, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Matamoros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Service, Hospital Universitari Son Dureta, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Island, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022010518592693600_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5197","article-title":"Absence of memory B cells in patients with common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"103","author":"Agematsu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2022010518592693600_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3083.1997.d01-381.x","article-title":"IL-4 synergizes with IL-10 and anti CD40 MoAbs to induce B cell differentiation in patients with common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"45","author":"Punnonen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Sand J Immunol"},{"key":"2022010518592693600_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1994.tb06228.x","article-title":"Failure in antigen responses by T cells from patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)","volume":"96","author":"Stagg","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"2022010518592693600_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1997.d01-993.x","article-title":"Lack of specific antibody response in common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) associated with failure in production of antigen-specific memory T cells","volume":"108","author":"Kondratenko","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"2022010518592693600_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1995.tb03779.x","article-title":"Alterations in the interleukin secretion (IL-2 and IL-4) by CD4 and CD4CD45RO cells from common variable immunodeficiency patients","volume":"102","author":"Ferrer","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"2022010518592693600_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1999.00946.x","article-title":"CD95 expression and function on lymphocyte subpobpulations in common variable immunodeficiency: related to increased apoptosis","volume":"117","author":"Iglesias","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"2022010518592693600_b7","first-page":"54","article-title":"High levels of IL-12 and IL-10 in common variable immunodeficiency. 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