{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T17:42:52Z","timestamp":1761154972186},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,13]],"date-time":"2006-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1160697600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite treatment, 10\u201330% of brucellosis patients develop chronic disease, characterized by atypical clinical picture and\/or relapses. A defective T helper 1 (Th1) response and a long percentage of CD4+\/CD25+ cells have been described in chronic brucellosis patients. CD80\/CD28 co-stimulation is critical for an efficient Th1 response and has not been studied previously in human brucellosis. In order to investigate the role of CD80\/CD28 co-stimulation, 13 acute brucellosis patients (AB), 22 chronic brucellosis patients (CB, 12\/22 relapsing type-CB1 and 10\/22 atypical type-CB2), 11 \u2018cured\u2019 subjects and 15 healthy volunteers (controls) were studied. The percentage of CD4+\/CD28+\u2003T lymphocytes and CD14+\/CD80+ monocytes were analysed by flow cytometry both ex vivo and after phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulation with or without heat-killed Brucella abortus (HkBA). Ex vivo analysis showed no differences between all groups studied. PHA stimulation up-regulated the percentage of CD80+ monocytes in AB compared to \u2018cured\u2019 subjects and controls (P &amp;lt; 0\u00b7001), although the proportion of CD4+\/CD28+ cells did not alter. A higher percentage of CD80+ monocytes was observed in the CB1 subgroup, compared to AB, \u2018cured\u2019 subjects and controls (P = 0\u00b7042, &amp;lt;\u20030\u00b7001 and &amp;lt;\u20030\u00b7001, respectively). CB2 was characterized by a lower percentage of CD80+ monocytes in comparison to CB1 (P = 0\u00b7020). HkBA in PHA cultures down-regulated the percentage of CD80+ monocytes compared to PHA alone in all groups, especially in AB and CB patients (P &amp;lt; 0\u00b7001 and P = 0\u00b7007, respectively). In conclusion, the diminished percentage of CD4+\/CD25+\u2003T cells in CB is not associated with inadequate CD80\/CD28 co-stimulation. We speculate that differential frequency of CD80+ monocytes after PHA stimulation could serve as a qualitative parameter of disease status, related to the different clinical forms of chronic brucellosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2006.03223.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,14]],"date-time":"2006-10-14T01:55:57Z","timestamp":1160790957000},"page":"400-408","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["CD80\/CD28 co-stimulation in human brucellosis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"146","author":[{"given":"P","family":"Skendros","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Immunology Unit, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Boura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Immunology Unit, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Kamaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Raptopoulou-Gigi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Immunology Unit, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022010503195974000_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2325","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra050570","article-title":"Brucellosis","volume":"352","author":"Pappas","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022010503195974000_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(06)70382-6","article-title":"The 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