{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T13:27:36Z","timestamp":1773494856133,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,27]],"date-time":"2006-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1164585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Retinal vasculitis is a major component of ocular inflammation that plays a role in retinal tissue damage in patients with idiopathic uveitis and Beh\u00e7et's disease. Here we show that type 1 interferons (IFN \u03b1\/\u03b2) were not detected in sera from normal individuals but were identified in up to 46% of the sera from retinal vasculitis patients. The predominant form of IFN observed was IFN-\u03b2, which was detected in 39% of Beh\u00e7et's disease patients and 47% of idiopathic uveitis patients. Seven patients whose sera contained IFN-\u03b2 were monitored prospectively. IFN-\u03b2 was shown to be present for 6\u201312\u2003months in all seven of the sera samples tested. Furthermore, the adhesion molecule profile identified in this study was strikingly different when Beh\u00e7et's and uveitis patient sera were compared to sera from normal controls. Sera from Beh\u00e7et's disease patients contained significantly elevated levels of the soluble adhesion molecules, sE-selectin and s-intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), whereas sera from patients with idiopathic uveitis contained significantly increased sE-selectin. In vitro studies evaluating the cell source of these cytokines revealed that polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid (poly I:C) activated retinal vascular endothelial cells produce sE-selectin, sICAM-1 and IFN-\u03b2. Production of these molecules was inhibited by pretreatment with anti-Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR-3) antibody. In conclusion, IFN-\u03b2, sE-selectin and sICAM-1 are elevated in patients with retinal vasculitis and are induced in retinal vascular endothelial cells in vitro by activating the innate immune system through TLR-3. Further analysis of innate immune signalling may prove to be a novel target for future studies on pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic approaches in retinal vasculitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2006.03253.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,27]],"date-time":"2006-11-27T09:59:02Z","timestamp":1164621542000},"page":"71-80","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Interferon-\u03b2 and adhesion molecules (E-selectin and s-intracellular adhesion molecule-1) are detected in sera from patients with retinal vasculitis and are induced in retinal vascular endothelial cells by Toll-like receptor 3 signalling"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"147","author":[{"given":"M T","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L C","family":"Hooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Kump","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Nussenblatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J J","family":"Hooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Detrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022010415141653300_b1","first-page":"e382","article-title":"Inflammatory biomarkers in acute coronary syndromes: part IV: matrix metalloproteinases and biomarkers of platelet activation","volume":"113","author":"Armstrong","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2022010415141653300_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.21.120601.141126","article-title":"Toll-like receptors","volume":"21","author":"Takeda","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2022010415141653300_b3","volume-title":"Uveitis, fundamentals and clinical practice","author":"Nussenblatt","year":"2004","edition":"3rd edn"},{"key":"2022010415141653300_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1097\/00055735-200312000-00015","article-title":"Retinal vasculitis","volume":"14","author":"Walton","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2022010415141653300_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(97)00026-X","article-title":"Ocular immunopathology of Beh\u00e7et's disease","volume":"42","author":"George","year":"1997","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2022010415141653300_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2005.03.057","article-title":"Standardization of uveitis nomenclature for reporting clinical data. 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