{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T22:18:56Z","timestamp":1774736336504,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,5]],"date-time":"2007-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1183593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Suitable levels of interferon (IFN)-\u03b3 and interleukin (IL)-10 seem to favour the outcome of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), while high IFN-\u03b3 and low IL-10 production are associated with severity of mucosal leishmaniasis (ML). Considering that cytokine balance is important for the maintenance of protective responses in leishmaniasis, our aim was to investigate leishmanial antigens-induced IFN-\u03b3 and IL-10 levels maintained in healed individuals who had different clinical outcomes of Leishmania infection. Thirty-three individuals who recovered from L. braziliensis infection were studied: cured CL (CCL), cured ML (CML), spontaneous healing of CL (SH) or asymptomatic individuals (ASY). Cytokines were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in culture supernatants of L. braziliensis-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). IFN-\u03b3 levels were higher in CML (7593\u2003\u00b1\u2003 5994\u2003pg\/ml) in comparison to SH (3163\u2003\u00b1\u20031526\u2003pg\/ml), ASY (1313\u2003\u00b1\u2003 1048\u2003pg\/ml) or CCL (1897\u2003\u00b1\u20032087\u2003pg\/ml). Moreover, cured ML cases maintained significantly lower production of IL-10 (127\u2003\u00b1\u200357\u00b78\u2003pg\/ml) in comparison to SH (1373\u2003\u00b1\u2003244\u2003pg\/ml), ASY (734\u2003\u00b1\u2003233\u2003pg\/ml) or CCL (542\u2003\u00b1\u2003 375\u2003pg\/ml). Thus, a high IFN-\u03b3\/IL-10 ratio observed in CML can indicate unfavourable cytokine balance. On the other hand, no significant difference in the IFN-\u03b3\/IL-10 ratio was observed when CCL individuals were compared to SH or ASY subjects. In conclusion, even after clinical healing, ML patients maintained a high IFN-\u03b3\/IL-10 secretion profile in response to leishmanial antigens. This finding can explain a delayed down-modulation of exacerbated inflammatory responses, which can be related in turn to the necessity of prolonged therapy in ML management. Conversely, lower IFN-\u03b3\/IL-10 balance observed in CCL, SH and ASY individuals can represent a better-modulated immune response associated with a favourable prognosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2007.03436.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,12]],"date-time":"2010-08-12T14:08:31Z","timestamp":1281622111000},"page":"440-444","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Can interferon-\u03b3 and interleukin-10 balance be associated with severity of human <i>Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis<\/i> infection?"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"149","author":[{"given":"A","family":"Gomes-Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunoparasitologia, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"de C\u00e1ssia Bittar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunoparasitologia, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"dos Santos Nogueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunoparasitologia, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V S","family":"Amato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ambulat\u00f3rio de Leishmanioses, Divis\u00e3o Cl\u00ednica de Mol\u00e9stias Infecciosas e Parasit\u00e1rias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"da Silva Mattos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Pesquisa Cl\u00ednica Evandro Chagas (IPEC), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M P","family":"Oliveira-Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Pesquisa Cl\u00ednica Evandro Chagas (IPEC), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S G","family":"Coutinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunoparasitologia, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A M","family":"Da-Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunoparasitologia, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022010406290312600_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6734","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.12.6734-6740.2002","article-title":"Up-regulation of th1-type responses in 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