{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]],"date-time":"2026-11-11T15:58:46Z","timestamp":1794412726988,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,22]],"date-time":"2007-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1179792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Understanding cytokine immunobiology is central to the development of rational therapies for destructive inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis. The classical interleukin-1 (IL-1) family cytokines, IL-1\u03b1 and IL-1\u03b2, as well as IL-18, play key roles in inflammation. Recently, other members of the IL-1 family have been identified. These include six cytokines whose genes are located downstream of the genes for IL-1\u03b1 and IL-1\u03b2 on chromosome 2 (IL-1F5-10) and also IL-33, which is the ligand for ST2, a member of the IL-1R\/Toll-like receptor (TLR) receptor superfamily. IL-1F6, IL-1F8 and Il\u22121F9 are agonists and, along with their receptor IL-1Rrp2, are highly expressed in epithelial cells suggesting a role in immune defence in the skin and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract including the mouth. Synovial fibroblasts and articular chondrocytes also express IL-1Rrp2 and respond to IL-1F8, indicating a possible role in RA. IL-33 is associated with endothelial cells in the inflamed tissues of patients with RA and Crohn's disease, where it is a nuclear factor which regulates transcription. IL-33 is also an extracellular cytokine: it induces the expression of T helper 2 (Th2) cytokines in vitro and in vivo as well as histopathological changes in the lungs and GI tract of mice. Therapeutic agents which modify IL-1 cytokines (e.g. recombinant IL-1Ra) have been used clinically and others are at various stages of development (e.g. anti-IL-18 antibodies). This review highlights the emerging data on these novel IL-1 cytokines and assesses their possible role in the pathogenesis and therapy of destructive inflammatory disorders such as RA and periodontitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2007.03441.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,13]],"date-time":"2009-10-13T21:27:50Z","timestamp":1255469270000},"page":"217-225","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":306,"title":["The expanding family of interleukin-1 cytokines and their role in destructive inflammatory disorders"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"149","author":[{"given":"H E","family":"Barksby","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Microbiology and Host Responses Group, Oral Biology, School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S R","family":"Lea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Microbiology and Host Responses Group, Oral Biology, School of Dental 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