{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T02:57:45Z","timestamp":1774925865703,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,3]],"date-time":"2007-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1186099200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Tuberculosis is the most frequent co-infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals, and which still presents diagnostic difficulties. Recently we set up an assay based on interferon (IFN)-\u03b3 response to region of difference 1 (RD1) peptides selected by computational analysis which is associated with active Mycobacterium tuberculosis replication. The objective of this study was to investigate the response to RD1 selected peptides in HIV-1-infected individuals in a clinical setting. The mechanisms of this immune response and comparison with other immune assays were also investigated. A total of 111 HIV-infected individuals with symptoms and signs consistent with active tuberculosis were enrolled prospectively. Interferon (IFN)-\u03b3 responses to RD1 selected peptides and recall antigens were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunospot assay. Results were correlated with CD4+ T cell counts, individuals' characteristics, tuberculin skin test, QuantiFERON-TB Gold and T-SPOT.TB. Results from 21 (19%) individuals were indeterminate due to in vitro cell anergy. Among \u2018non-anergic\u2019 individuals, sensitivity for active tuberculosis of the assay based on RD1 selected peptides was 67% (24 of 36), specificity was 94% (three of 54). The assay also resulted positive in cases of extra-pulmonary and smear-negative pulmonary active tuberculosis. The response was mediated by CD4+ effector\/memory T cells and correlated with CD4+ T cell counts, but not with plasma HIV-RNA load. Moreover, the RD1 selected peptides assay had the highest diagnostic odds ratio for active tuberculosis compared to tuberculin skin test (TST), QuantiFERON-TB Gold and T-SPOT.TB. RD1 selected peptides assay is associated with M. tuberculosis replication in HIV-infected individuals, although T cell anergy remains an important obstacle to be overcome before the test can be proposed as a diagnostic tool.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2007.03462.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,12]],"date-time":"2010-08-12T14:20:20Z","timestamp":1281622820000},"page":"91-98","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Response to region of difference 1 (RD1) epitopes in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals enrolled with suspected active tuberculosis: a pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"150","author":[{"given":"D","family":"Vincenti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research Unit"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Carrara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research Unit"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"O","family":"Butera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research Unit"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Bizzoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research Unit"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Casetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular Immunology Unit"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Girardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Experimental Research, Istituto Nazionale Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani- IRCCS Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Goletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research Unit"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022010406285923600_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.7.677","article-title":"Consensus statement. 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