{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T14:38:05Z","timestamp":1780497485433,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,16]],"date-time":"2008-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1203120000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Early non-invasive diagnostic information would be useful in identifying patients at risk of progressive carotid atherosclerosis, despite an apparently harmless plaque on ultrasound imaging. In this study, we assessed the possible association of intracellular cytokines in peripheral blood with the ultrasound (stenosis \u2265\u200370%) and clinical indications (transient ischaemic attack, amaurosis fugax or stroke) for carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in patients. Intracellular cytokine expression was determined in 106 patients (67 undergoing and 39 not undergoing CEA). Cells primed for the proinflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-\u03b1, interferon (IFN)-\u03b3, interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2, IL-6, IL-8 and the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 were found in significantly higher percentages in patients undergoing CEA than in patients who were not (P\u2003&amp;lt;\u20030\u00b705). Intracellular cytokine expression was significantly higher in patients undergoing CEA who had stenosis \u2265\u200370% (TNF-\u03b1, IFN-\u03b3, IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, IL-4 and IL-10), with previous stroke (IFN-\u03b3, IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-4 and IL-10) and with amaurosis fugax (IFN-\u03b3, IL-6, IL-4 and IL-10) than in patients not undergoing CEA. Increased intracellular cytokines in patients' peripheral blood might be a warning signal indicating progressive atherosclerosis. If so, intracellular cytokine monitoring could help in selecting patients at high risk of future clinical cardiovascular events and therefore most likely to benefit from CEA or adjustment of pharmacological therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2008.03604.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,27]],"date-time":"2010-07-27T09:59:59Z","timestamp":1280224799000},"page":"120-126","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Association of intracellular pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood with the clinical or ultrasound indications for carotid endarterectomy in patients with carotid atherosclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"152","author":[{"given":"E","family":"Profumo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, Rome"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Buttari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, Rome"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M E","family":"Tosti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre of Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, Rome"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Siracusano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, Rome"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Ortona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, Rome"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Margutti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, Rome"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Capoano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences, University Sapienza, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Salvati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences, University Sapienza, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Rigan\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, Rome"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022010405170439600_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra043430","article-title":"Mechanisms of disease: inflammation, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease","volume":"352","author":"Hansson","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022010405170439600_b2","first-page":"508","article-title":"The immune response in atherosclerosis: a double-edged sword","volume":"6","author":"Hansson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2022010405170439600_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.665893","article-title":"Increased expression of visfatin in macrophages of human unstable carotid and coronary atherosclerosis: possible role in inflammation and plaque destabilization","volume":"115","author":"Dahl","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2022010405170439600_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(99)00011-8","article-title":"Cytokine expression in advanced human atherosclerotic plaques: dominance of proinflammatory (Th1) and macrophage-stimulating cytokines","volume":"145","author":"Frostegard","year":"1999","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"2022010405170439600_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00024.2005","article-title":"Cytokines in atherosclerosis: pathogenic and regulatory pathways","volume":"86","author":"Tedgui","year":"2006","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"2022010405170439600_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2006.01816.x","article-title":"TH1\/TH2 imbalance, measured by circulating and intracytoplasmic inflammatory cytokines\u2003\u2212\u2003immunological alterations in acute coronary syndrome and stable coronary artery disease","volume":"64","author":"Szodoray","year":"2006","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"2022010405170439600_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1160\/TH05-08-0571","article-title":"C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha as predictors of incident coronary and cardiovascular events and total mortality. A population-based, prospective study","volume":"95","author":"Tuomisto","year":"2006","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"2022010405170439600_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000168417.52486.56","article-title":"Associations of serum IL-18 levels with carotid intima-media thickness","volume":"25","author":"Yamagami","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"2022010405170439600_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2004.11.015","article-title":"Interleukin-2 levels are associated with carotid artery intima-media thickness","volume":"180","author":"Elkind","year":"2005","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"2022010405170439600_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2109","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000065232.57371.25","article-title":"Serum level of the antiinflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 is an important prognostic determinant in patients with acute coronary syndromes","volume":"107","author":"Heeschen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2022010405170439600_b11","first-page":"237","article-title":"Cytokine expression in circulating T lymphocytes from patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy","volume":"44","author":"Profumo","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"2022010405170439600_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2006.03.030","article-title":"Intracellular expression of cytokines in peripheral blood from patients with atherosclerosis before and after carotid endarterectomy","volume":"191","author":"Profumo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"2022010405170439600_b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199811123392002","article-title":"Benefit of carotid endarterectomy in patients with symptomatic moderate or severe stenosis","volume":"339","author":"Barnett","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022010405170439600_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03520420037035","article-title":"Endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis","volume":"273","author":"Executive Committee for the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study","year":"1995","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2022010405170439600_b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0300-9475.2004.01403.x","article-title":"Severe hypercholesterolaemia leads to strong Th2 responses to an exogenous antigen","volume":"59","author":"Robertson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"2022010405170439600_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000219808.28678.48","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory cytokines in subclinical carotid atherosclerosis","volume":"66","author":"Ambrosius","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2022010405170439600_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/01.shk.0000148055.12387.15","article-title":"Sex differences in the myocardial inflammatory response to acute injury","volume":"23","author":"Kher","year":"2005","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"2022010405170439600_b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000155614.35441.69","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptor 1 is a major predictor of mortality and new-onset heart failure in patients with acute myocardial infarction: the Cytokine-Activation and Long-Term Prognosis in Myocardial Infarction (C-ALPHA) study","volume":"111","author":"Valgimigli","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Experimental Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2249.2008.03604.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2249.2008.03604.x","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cei\/article-pdf\/152\/1\/120\/42045382\/j.1365-2249.2008.03604.x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cei\/article-pdf\/152\/1\/120\/42045382\/j.1365-2249.2008.03604.x.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,4]],"date-time":"2022-01-04T05:24:07Z","timestamp":1641273847000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cei\/article\/152\/1\/120\/6457552"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,16]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,16]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2008.03604.x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-9104","1365-2249"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-9104","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2249","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,16]]}}}