{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T13:07:01Z","timestamp":1759410421361},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,8]],"date-time":"2008-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1215475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>It is known that the same antigen can induce different immune responses, depending upon the way that it is presented to the immune system. The objective of this study was to compare cytokine responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from cutaneous leishmaniasis patients and subjects immunized with a first-generation candidate vaccine composed of killed Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes to a whole-cell promastigote antigen extract (La) and to the recombinant protein LACK (Leishmania analogue receptor for activated C kinase), both from L. amazonensis. Thirty-two patients, 35 vaccinees and 13 healthy subjects without exposure to Leishmania, were studied. Cytokine production was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and enzyme-linked immunospot assay. The interferon (IFN)-\u03b3 levels stimulated by La were significantly higher and the levels of interleukin (IL)-10 significantly lower than those stimulated by LACK in the patient group, while LACK induced a significantly higher IFN-\u03b3 production and a significantly lower IL-10 production compared with those induced by La in the vaccinated group. LACK also induced a significantly higher frequency of IFN-\u03b3-producing cells than did La in the vaccinated group. The contrast in the cytokine responses stimulated by LACK and La in PBMC cultures from vaccinated subjects versus patients indicates that the human immune response to crude and defined Leishmania antigens as a consequence of immunization differs from that induced by natural infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2008.03705.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,11]],"date-time":"2008-10-11T03:28:45Z","timestamp":1223695725000},"page":"369-375","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Contrasting human cytokine responses to promastigote whole-cell extract and the <i>Leishmania<\/i> analogue receptor for activated C kinase antigen of <i>L. amazonensis<\/i> in natural infection <i>versus<\/i> immunization"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"153","author":[{"given":"R B G","family":"Azeredo-Coutinho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D C S","family":"Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G G R","family":"Arm\u00f4a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Tecnologia Recombinante, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiol\u00f3gicos"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R M","family":"Maia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Tecnologia Recombinante, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiol\u00f3gicos"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Schubach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Doen\u00e7as Infecciosas, Instituto de Pesquisa Cl\u00ednica Evandro Chagas, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W","family":"Mayrink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Leishmanioses, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S C F","family":"Mendon\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022010405141602700_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro981","article-title":"Leishmaniasis","volume":"2","author":"Desjeux","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"2022010405141602700_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(01)90223-8","article-title":"The increase in risk 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