{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,13]],"date-time":"2026-11-13T22:49:23Z","timestamp":1794610163846,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,19]],"date-time":"2009-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1255910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>The alternative pathway (AP) of complement alone is capable of mediating immune complex-induced arthritis in the collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) model in mice. Whether the classical pathway (CP) or lectin pathway (LP) alone can mediate CAIA is not known. Using mice genetically deficient in different complement components, our results reported herein establish that the CP and LP alone are each incapable of mediating CAIA. A lower level or absence of C3 and\/or C5 activation by the CP may be possible explanations for the importance of the AP in CAIA and in many murine models of disease. In addition, other investigators have reported that CP C5 convertase activity is absent in mouse sera. To address these questions, we employed an in vitro system of adherent immunoglobulin (Ig)G-induced complement activation using plates coated with murine anti-collagen monoclonal antibody (mAb). These experiments used complement-deficient mouse sera and wild-type mouse or normal human sera under conditions inactivating either the CP (Ca++ deficiency) or the AP (mAb inhibitory to factor B). Robust generation of both C3a and C5a by either the AP or CP alone were observed with both mouse and human sera, although there were some small differences between the species of sera. We conclude that neither the CP nor LP alone is capable of mediating CAIA in vivo and that mouse sera exhibits a high level of IgG-induced C5a generation in vitro through either the CP or AP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2009.04035.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,19]],"date-time":"2009-10-19T11:15:54Z","timestamp":1255950954000},"page":"100-108","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Complement activation pathways in murine immune complex-induced arthritis and in C3a and C5a generation<i>in vitro<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"159","author":[{"given":"N K","family":"Banda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Denver, CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Levitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Denver, CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A K","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Denver, CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Developmental Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G L","family":"Stahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V M","family":"Holers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Denver, CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W P","family":"Arend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Denver, CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021122708521912000_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200104053441406","article-title":"Complement","volume":"344","author":"Walport","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2021122708521912000_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1113","article-title":"The complement system in regulation of adaptive immunity","volume":"5","author":"Carroll","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2021122708521912000_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1994","article-title":"T-cell regulation: with complements from innate immunity","volume":"7","author":"Kemper","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2021122708521912000_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.23.021704.115835","article-title":"Role of C5a in inflammatory responses","volume":"23","author":"Guo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2021122708521912000_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02697367","article-title":"Anaphylatoxins: their role in bacterial infection and inflammation","volume":"37","author":"Haas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Immunol Res"},{"key":"2021122708521912000_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-71767-8_11","article-title":"Antimicrobial C3a \u2013 biology, biophysics, and evolution","volume":"598","author":"Malmsten","year":"2007","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"2021122708521912000_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.154.3.856","article-title":"Formation of the initial C3 convertase of the alternative complement pathway. 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