{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T02:21:06Z","timestamp":1789179666872,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,29]],"date-time":"2010-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1288310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Anti-microbial peptides are important effectors in innate immunity. In the gut they defend against pathogens, shape the commensal microbiota and probably control intestinal homeostasis. Ulcerative colitis (UC), but not Crohn's disease, shows increased expression of inducible \u03b2-defensins (hBD-2, hBD-3 and hBD-4) in colonic epithelial cells. Does inducible defensin production precede the chronic intestinal inflammation characteristic of UC, or is it a consequence of the T cell-driven chronic inflammation? The aim was to analyse defensin mRNA and protein expression in colonic epithelial cells in two colitis mouse models resembling UC, the interleukin (IL)-2\u2212\/\u2212 mouse and the dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse. Defensin mRNA was assayed by in situ hybridization and quantitative real-time reverse transcription\u2013polymerase chain reaction (RT\u2013PCR). Defensin peptide was assayed by immunohistochemistry. Mouse \u03b2-defensin 3 (mBD-3, orthologue to hBD-2) was up-regulated strongly in colonic epithelium of 15-week-old IL-2\u2212\/\u2212 mice and DSS-induced colitis mice with chronic bowel inflammation, but not in apparently healthy IL-2\u2212\/\u2212 5-week-old mice, IL-2+\/\u2212 15-week-old mice or in acute stage DSS mice. Up-regulation was seen both at the mRNA- and at the protein level (only mBD-3 investigated). IL-17, but not several other cytokines, including interferon (IFN)-\u03b3, induced mBD-3 mRNA expression in mouse colon carcinoma cells. The mRNA expression level of the constitutively expressed \u03b1-defensin, cryptdin-4, was up-regulated marginally in acute stage DSS-colitis mice and in IL-2\u2212\/\u2212 mice before signs of colitis. Inducible \u03b2-defensin expression in colonic epithelium is the consequence of the chronic bowel inflammation caused by activated T cells releasing cytokines including IL-17.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2010.04282.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,29]],"date-time":"2010-10-29T13:39:52Z","timestamp":1288359592000},"page":"123-130","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Chronic colitis induces expression of \u03b2-defensins in murine intestinal epithelial cells"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"163","author":[{"given":"A","family":"Rahman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Fahlgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Sundstedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Hammarstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c5","family":"Danielsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology, Ume\u00e5 University, Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M-L","family":"Hammarstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021122708481943600_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)80067-O","article-title":"Ulcerative colitis-like disease in mice with a disrupted interleukin-2 gene","volume":"75","author":"Sadlack","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2021122708481943600_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2618","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830250932","article-title":"Evidence that CD4+, but not CD8+ T cells are responsible for murine interleukin-2-deficient colitis","volume":"25","author":"Simpson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"2021122708481943600_b3","first-page":"G1461","article-title":"IL-2-deficient mice raised under germfree conditions develop a delayed mild focal intestinal inflammation","volume":"276","author":"Schultz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"2021122708481943600_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00467.2004","article-title":"Acute colitis by dextran sulfate sodium progresses to chronicity in C57BL\/6 but not in the BALB\/c mice: correlation between symptoms and inflammation","volume":"288","author":"Melgar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"2021122708481943600_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-7915(01)00303-X","article-title":"Defensins of vertebrate animals","volume":"14","author":"Lehrer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"2021122708481943600_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1206","article-title":"Mammalian defensins in the antimicrobial immune response","volume":"6","author":"Selsted","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2021122708481943600_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3019","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-008-8182-3","article-title":"Multi-layered regulation of intestinal antimicrobial defense","volume":"65","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"2021122708481943600_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27848","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.050773","article-title":"\u03b1-defensins in enteric innate immunity \u2013 functional Paneth cell \u03b1-defensins in mouse colonic lumen","volume":"284","author":"Mastroianni","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2021122708481943600_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1825","article-title":"Enteric defensins are essential regulators of intestinal microbial ecology","volume":"11","author":"Salzman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2021122708481943600_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/s004410100433","article-title":"Identification of a novel multifunctional \u03b2-defensin (human \u03b2-defensin 3) with specific antimicrobial activity. 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