{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T04:49:16Z","timestamp":1744174156994},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,5]],"date-time":"2011-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1304553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Previous studies from our laboratory demonstrated that treatment in vitro with recombinant guinea pig tumour necrosis factor TNF (rgpTNF)-\u03b1-enhanced T cell and macrophage functions. Similarly, injection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected guinea pigs with anti-TNF-\u03b1 altered splenic granuloma organization and caused inflammatory changes and reduced the cell-associated mycobacteria in the tuberculous pluritis model. In this study, rgpTNF-\u03b1 was injected into bacille Calmette\u2013Gu\u00e9rin (BCG)-vaccinated guinea pigs to modulate immune functions in vivo. Guinea pigs were vaccinated intradermally with BCG, 2\u2003\u00d7\u2003103 colony-forming units (CFU) and injected intraperitoneally with either rgpTNF-\u03b1 (25\u2003\u00b5g\/animal) or 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA) for a total of 12 injections given every other day. Treatment with rgpTNF-\u03b1 significantly enhanced the skin test response to purified protein derivative (PPD), reduced the number of CFUs and increased the PPD-induced proliferation in the lymph nodes at 6 weeks after vaccination. The levels of interleukin (IL)-12 mRNA were increased in the lymph node and spleen cells stimulated with PPD. TNF-\u03b1 treatment induced a decrease in TNF-\u03b1, IL-12p40 and IL-10 mRNA levels in peritoneal cells following PPD stimulation while live M. tuberculosis caused an increase in TNF-\u03b1 mRNA and a decrease in the IL-10 mRNA expression. TNF-\u03b1 injection also induced an increase in the infiltration of mononuclear cells and in the proportions of CD3+ T cells in the lymph nodes. These results indicate that rgpTNF-\u03b1 enhances some aspects of T cell immunity and promotes control of mycobacteria in the tissues. Future studies will address the role of TNF-\u03b1 in BCG-vaccinated guinea pigs following low-dose pulmonary challenge with virulent M. tuberculosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2011.04406.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,5]],"date-time":"2011-05-05T15:07:45Z","timestamp":1304608065000},"page":"110-120","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The<i>in vivo<\/i>immunomodulatory effect of recombinant tumour necrosis factor-alpha in guinea pigs vaccinated with<i>Mycobacterium bovis<\/i>bacille Calmette\u2013Gu\u00e9rin"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"165","author":[{"given":"J C","family":"Kramp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D N","family":"McMurray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbial and Molecular Pathogenesis, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Formichella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbial and Molecular Pathogenesis, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Jeevan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbial and Molecular Pathogenesis, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021122708474793000_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/1074-7613(95)90001-2","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha is required in the protective immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 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