{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T14:16:48Z","timestamp":1787494608356,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,23]],"date-time":"2011-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1306108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The microbial capsular polysaccharide glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) from the opportunistic fungus Cryptoccocus neoformans is able to alter the innate and adaptive immune response through multi-faceted mechanisms of immunosuppression. The ability of GXM to dampen the immune response involves the induction of T cell apoptosis, which is dependent on GXM-induced up-regulation of Fas ligand (FasL) on antigen-presenting cells. In this study we elucidate the mechanism exploited by GXM to induce up-regulation of FasL. We demonstrate that (i) the activation of FasL is dependent on GXM interaction with FcgammaRIIB (Fc\u03b3RIIB); (ii) GXM induces activation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 signal transduction pathways via Fc\u03b3RIIB; (iii) this leads to downstream activation of c-Jun; (iv) JNK and p38 are simultaneously, but independently, activated; (v) FasL up-regulation occurs via JNK and p38 activation; and (vi) apoptosis occurs via Fc\u03b3RIIB engagement with consequent JNK and p38 activation. Our results highlight a fast track to FasL up-regulation via Fc\u03b3RIIB, and assign to this receptor a novel anti-inflammatory role that also accounts for induced peripheral tolerance. These results contribute to our understanding of the mechanism of immunosuppression that accompanies cryptococcosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2011.04415.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,23]],"date-time":"2011-05-23T21:31:31Z","timestamp":1306186291000},"page":"190-201","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["A critical role for FcgammaRIIB in up-regulation of Fas ligand induced by a microbial polysaccharide"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"165","author":[{"given":"M","family":"Piccioni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Monari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Bevilacqua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Perito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Bistoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T R","family":"Kozel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 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