{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T17:50:22Z","timestamp":1791309022525,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,11]],"date-time":"2012-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1326240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>One of the promising approaches in the therapy of ulcerative colitis is administration of butyrate, an energy source for colonocytes, into the lumen of the colon. This study investigates the effect of butyrate producing bacterium Clostridium tyrobutyricum on dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Immunocompetent BALB\/c and immunodeficient severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice reared in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) conditions were treated intrarectally with C.\u2003tyrobutyricum 1 week prior to the induction of DSS colitis and during oral DSS treatment. Administration of DSS without C.\u2003tyrobutyricum treatment led to an appearance of clinical symptoms \u2013 bleeding, rectal prolapses and colitis-induced increase in the antigen CD11b, a marker of infiltrating inflammatory cells in the lamina propria. The severity of colitis was similar in BALB\/c and SCID mice as judged by the histological damage score and colon shortening after 7 days of DSS treatment. Both strains of mice also showed a similar reduction in tight junction (TJ) protein zonula occludens (ZO)-1 expression and of MUC-2 mucin depression. Highly elevated levels of cytokine tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-\u03b1 in the colon of SCID mice and of interleukin (IL)-18 in BALB\/c mice were observed. Intrarectal administration of C.\u2003tyrobutyricum prevented appearance of clinical symptoms of DSS-colitis, restored normal MUC-2 production, unaltered expression of TJ protein ZO-1 and decreased levels of TNF-\u03b1 and IL-18 in the descending colon of SCID and BALB\/c mice, respectively. Some of these features can be ascribed to the increased production of butyrate in the lumen of the colon and its role in protection of barrier functions and regulation of IL-18 expression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2011.04498.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,11]],"date-time":"2011-10-11T06:56:06Z","timestamp":1318316166000},"page":"356-365","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Protective effect of <i>Clostridium tyrobutyricum<\/i> in acute dextran sodium sulphate-induced colitis: differential regulation of tumour necrosis factor-\u03b1 and interleukin-18 in BALB\/c and severe combined immunodeficiency mice"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"167","author":[{"given":"T","family":"Hudcovic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Kolinska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Klepetar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Stepankova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Rezanka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Srutkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Schwarzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V","family":"Erban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Z","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J M","family":"Wells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Host-Microbe Interactomics, Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Hrncir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Tlaskalova-Hogenova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Kozakova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021122708455924200_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1361.122","article-title":"Involvement of innate immunity in the development of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases","volume":"1051","author":"Tlaskalova-Hogenova","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"2021122708455924200_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1369\/jhc.7A7303.2007","article-title":"Expression of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), TLR4, and CD14 in biopsy samples of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases: upregulated expression of TLR2 in terminal ileum of patients with ulcerative colitis","volume":"56","author":"Frolova","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Histochem Cytochem"},{"key":"2021122708455924200_b3","first-page":"238","article-title":"Clinicopathologic study of dextran sulfate sodium experimental murine colitis","volume":"69","author":"Cooper","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"2021122708455924200_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(94)90803-6","article-title":"Dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis occurs in severe combined immunodeficient mice","volume":"107","author":"Dieleman","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2021122708455924200_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20221","article-title":"Segmented filamentous bacteria in a defined bacterial cocktail induces intestinal inflammation in SCID mice reconstituted with CD45RBhigh CD4+ T cells","volume":"13","author":"Stepankova","year":"2007","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"2021122708455924200_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02818004","article-title":"The role of microflora in the development of intestinal inflammation: acute and chronic colitis induced by dextran sulfate in germ-free and conventionally reared immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice","volume":"46","author":"Hudcovic","year":"2001","journal-title":"Folia Microbiol"},{"key":"2021122708455924200_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12238","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0012238","article-title":"Bacteria penetrate the inner mucus layer before inflammation in the dextran sulfate colitis model","volume":"5","author":"Johansson","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2021122708455924200_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(90)90290-H","article-title":"A novel method in the induction of reliable experimental acute and chronic ulcerative colitis in mice","volume":"98","author":"Okayasu","year":"1990","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2021122708455924200_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3090221","article-title":"Biosynthesis of rat MUC2 in colon and its analogy with human MUC2","volume":"309","author":"Tytgat","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"2021122708455924200_b10","first-page":"G382","article-title":"Alterations in Muc2 biosynthesis and secretion during dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis","volume":"282","author":"Renes","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"2021122708455924200_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1080\/003655200451180","article-title":"The dietary combination of germinated barley foodstuff plus Clostridium butyricum suppresses the dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental colitis in rats","volume":"35","author":"Araki","year":"2000","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2021122708455924200_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.931271","article-title":"Butyrate enemas upregulate Muc genes expression but decrease adherent mucus thickness in mice colon","volume":"58","author":"Gaudier","year":"2009","journal-title":"Physiol Res"},{"key":"2021122708455924200_b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1080\/003655200451171","article-title":"Increased permeability in dextran sulphate colitis in rats: time course of development and effect of butyrate","volume":"35","author":"Venkatraman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2021122708455924200_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.110.135657","article-title":"Regulation of tight junction permeability by intestinal bacteria and dietary components","volume":"141","author":"Ulluwishewa","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"2021122708455924200_b15","first-page":"G851","article-title":"Regulation of human epithelial tight junction proteins by Lactobacillus plantarum in vivo and protective effects on the epithelial barrier","volume":"298","author":"Karczewski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"2021122708455924200_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2006.00836.x","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms underlying the probiotic effects of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 involve ZO-2 and PKCzeta redistribution resulting in tight junction and epithelial barrier repair","volume":"9","author":"Zyrek","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"2021122708455924200_b17","first-page":"C89","article-title":"Intestinal microflora and chronic inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"25","author":"Desreumaux","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin Biol"},{"key":"2021122708455924200_b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2008.05723.x","article-title":"Probiotic administration alters the gut flora and attenuates colitis in mice administered dextran sodium sulfate","volume":"23","author":"Nanda Kumar","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2021122708455924200_b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2007.03302.x","article-title":"A comparative study of the preventative effects exerted by three probiotics, Bifidobacterium lactis, Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus acidophilus, in the TNBS model of rat colitis","volume":"103","author":"Peran","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"2021122708455924200_b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2007.03562.x","article-title":"Review article: the role of butyrate on colonic function","volume":"27","author":"Hamer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2021122708455924200_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/s005350050358","article-title":"Preventive efficacy of butyrate enemas and oral administration of Clostridium butyricum M588 in dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in rats","volume":"35","author":"Okamoto","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2021122708455924200_b22","first-page":"367","article-title":"Morphological changes in human embryonic lung fibroblasts caused by cytotoxins of various Clostridium species","volume":"267","author":"Schallehn","year":"1988","journal-title":"Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg"},{"key":"2021122708455924200_b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2010.79","article-title":"Therapeutic transplantation of the distal gut microbiota","volume":"4","author":"Khoruts","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"2021122708455924200_b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.2001.81.3.1031","article-title":"Short-chain fatty acids and human colonic function: roles of resistant starch and nonstarch polysaccharides","volume":"81","author":"Topping","year":"2001","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"2021122708455924200_b25","first-page":"G1328","article-title":"Acute colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium progresses to chronicity in C57BL\/6 but not in BALB\/c mice: correlation between symptoms and inflammation","volume":"288","author":"Melgar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"2021122708455924200_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-007-9802-8","article-title":"The ICE inhibitor pralnacasan prevents DSS-induced colitis in C57BL\/6 mice and suppresses IP-10 mRNA but not TNF-alpha mRNA expression","volume":"52","author":"Bauer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"2021122708455924200_b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.04.022","article-title":"NLRP6 inflammasome regulates colonic microbial ecology and risk for colitis","volume":"145","author":"Elinav","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2021122708455924200_b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI111662","article-title":"Regional distribution and alterations of lectin binding to colorectal mucin in mucosal biopsies from controls and subjects with inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"75","author":"Jacobs","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2021122708455924200_b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.04.020","article-title":"Muc2-deficient mice spontaneously develop colitis, indicating that MUC2 is critical for colonic protection","volume":"131","author":"Van der Sluis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2021122708455924200_b30","first-page":"721","article-title":"Mucosal function in rat jejunum and ileum is altered by induction of colitis","volume":"18","author":"Amit-Romach","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Molecular Med"},{"key":"2021122708455924200_b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200207000-00008","article-title":"Role of mucins in inflammatory bowel disease: important lessons from experimental models","volume":"14","author":"Einerhand","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2021122708455924200_b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2006.07.050","article-title":"Loss of the tight junction protein ZO-1 in dextran sulfate sodium induced colitis","volume":"140","author":"Poritz","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"2021122708455924200_b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-3623(98)00004-4","article-title":"Involvement of CD4+ T cells in the development of dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental colitis and suppressive effect of IgG on their action","volume":"31","author":"Shintani","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gen Pharmacol"},{"key":"2021122708455924200_b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl.2010.4.3.295","article-title":"The role of bacteria in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"4","author":"Friswell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gut Liver"},{"key":"2021122708455924200_b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1264","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.2001.281.4.R1264","article-title":"Neutralization of interleukin-18 reduces severity in murine colitis and intestinal IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha production","volume":"281","author":"Siegmund","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"2021122708455924200_b36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2006.0130","article-title":"Constitutive expression of IL-18 and IL-18R in differentiated IEC-6 cells: effect of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma treatment","volume":"28","author":"Kolinska","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Interferon Cytokine Res"},{"key":"2021122708455924200_b37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2009.197822","article-title":"Colitis induced in mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) is mediated by the NLRP3 inflammasome","volume":"59","author":"Bauer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2021122708455924200_b38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2010.03.010","article-title":"Interleukin-18 in intestinal inflammation: friend and foe?","volume":"32","author":"Siegmund","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2021122708455924200_b39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2010.03.003","article-title":"The NLRP3 inflammasome protects against loss of epithelial integrity and mortality during experimental colitis","volume":"32","author":"Zaki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2021122708455924200_b40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2010.02.012","article-title":"Control of intestinal homeostasis, colitis, and colitis-associated colorectal cancer by the inflammatory caspases","volume":"32","author":"Dupaul-Chicoine","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2021122708455924200_b41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1097\/00054725-200002000-00004","article-title":"The key role of macrophages in the immunopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"6","author":"Mahida","year":"2000","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"2021122708455924200_b42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1993.tb05997.x","article-title":"Enhanced secretion of tumour necrosis factor-alpha, IL-6, and IL-1 beta by isolated lamina propria mononuclear cells from patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease","volume":"94","author":"Reinecker","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"2021122708455924200_b43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21108","article-title":"Butyrate utilization by the colonic mucosa in inflammatory bowel diseases: a transport deficiency","volume":"16","author":"Thibault","year":"2010","journal-title":"Inflam Bowel Dis"},{"key":"2021122708455924200_b44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-10-134","article-title":"Ulcerative colitis and irritable bowel patients exhibit distinct abnormalities of the gut microbiota","volume":"10","author":"Noor","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2021122708455924200_b45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2009.04.025","article-title":"Gut microbiology: fitting into the intestinal neighbourhood","volume":"19","author":"Willing","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"2021122708455924200_b46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1007\/s003940070020","article-title":"Rationale for the luminal provision of butyrate in intestinal diseases","volume":"39","author":"Wachtershauser","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"key":"2021122708455924200_b47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2010.04.002","article-title":"Effect of butyrate enemas on inflammation and antioxidant status in the colonic mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis in remission","volume":"29","author":"Hamer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2021122708455924200_b48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.04.015","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 2 enhances ZO-1-associated intestinal epithelial barrier integrity via protein kinase C","volume":"127","author":"Cario","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2021122708455924200_b49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1203\/01.PDR.0000150721.83224.89","article-title":"Short-chain fatty acids induce colonic mucosal injury in rats with various postnatal ages","volume":"57","author":"Nafday","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"2021122708455924200_b50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MIB.0000161918.04760.f3","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor alpha reduces butyrate oxidation in vitro in human colonic mucosa: a link from inflammatory process to mucosal damage?","volume":"11","author":"Nancey","year":"2005","journal-title":"Inflam Bowel Dis"},{"key":"2021122708455924200_b51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2635","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4141(200209)32:9<2635::AID-IMMU2635>3.0.CO;2-N","article-title":"Enhanced production of IL-18 in butyrate-treated intestinal epithelium by stimulation of the proximal promoter region","volume":"32","author":"Kalina","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"2021122708455924200_b52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.2147\/IJICMR.S9337","article-title":"Effect of nonpathogenic Escherichia coli monoassociation on small intestinal brush-border glycoconjugate moieties and cytokine production after colonization in ex-germ-free rats and piglets","volume":"2","author":"Kolinska","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Interferon Cytokine Mediat Res"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Experimental Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2249.2011.04498.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cei\/article-pdf\/167\/2\/356\/41908201\/j.1365-2249.2011.04498.x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cei\/article-pdf\/167\/2\/356\/41908201\/j.1365-2249.2011.04498.x.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T16:23:37Z","timestamp":1641054217000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cei\/article\/167\/2\/356\/6422819"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,11]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2011.04498.x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-9104","1365-2249"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-9104","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2249","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,11]]}}}