{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T12:47:22Z","timestamp":1760100442290},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,11]],"date-time":"2012-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1326240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>In recent years galectin-3 has gained attention as a signalling molecule, mainly in inflammatory diseases. Data on galectin-3 expression in neonates, however, are limited, and expression of this lectin in cord blood has not yet been reported. The aim of this study was to determine galectin-3 levels in cord blood of term and preterm neonates as well as galectin-3 levels in cord blood of term neonates after stimulation with the prevalent pathogen Streptococcus\u2003agalactiae. Cord blood samples were incubated for 24\u2003h and galectin-3 levels were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. There is a positive correlation between gestational age and galectin-3 levels in cord blood. Expression of galectin-3 is significantly higher in cord blood of small-for-gestational-age infants compared to appropriate-for-gestational-age infants. Stimulation with an invasive but not with a colonizing strain of S.\u2003agalactiae induced expression of galectin-3. Galectin-3 is expressed constitutively in cord blood of neonates and seems to play a role in the innate immunity of this population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2011.04509.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,28]],"date-time":"2011-10-28T11:51:08Z","timestamp":1319802668000},"page":"246-251","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Galectin-3 in cord blood of term and preterm infants"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"167","author":[{"given":"M","family":"Demmert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of L\u00fcbeck"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Faust","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of L\u00fcbeck"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M K","family":"Bohlmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus L\u00fcbeck, L\u00fcbeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Tr\u00f6ger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of L\u00fcbeck"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W","family":"G\u00f6pel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of L\u00fcbeck"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Herting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of L\u00fcbeck"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"H\u00e4rtel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of L\u00fcbeck"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021122708460107200_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10841","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M312834200","article-title":"Galectin-3 precipitates as a pentamer with synthetic multivalent carbohydrates and forms heterogeneous cross-linked complexes","volume":"279","author":"Ahmad","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2021122708460107200_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20807","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)31891-4","article-title":"Galectins. Structure and function of a large family of animal lectins","volume":"269","author":"Barondes","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2021122708460107200_b3","first-page":"1016","article-title":"Expression and function of galectin-3, a beta-galactoside-binding lectin, in human monocytes and macrophages","volume":"147","author":"Liu","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2021122708460107200_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.177.1.243","article-title":"Human neutrophils express immunoglobulin E (IgE)-binding proteins (Mac-2\/epsilon BP) of the S-type lectin family: role in IgE-dependent activation","volume":"177","author":"Truong","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2021122708460107200_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092420210","article-title":"Immunoelectron microscopic localization of galectin-3, an IgE binding protein, in human mast cells and basophils","volume":"242","author":"Craig","year":"1995","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"key":"2021122708460107200_b6","first-page":"112","article-title":"Dendritic cell and macrophage staining by monoclonal antibodies in tissue sections and epidermal sheets","volume":"111","author":"Flotte","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2021122708460107200_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/4.1.5","article-title":"Mac-2: a versatile galactose-binding protein of mammalian tissues","volume":"4","author":"Hughes","year":"1994","journal-title":"Glycobiology"},{"key":"2021122708460107200_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4165(02)00313-6","article-title":"Intracellular functions of galectins","volume":"1572","author":"Liu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"2021122708460107200_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1007\/s001090050232","article-title":"Galectins: versatile modulators of cell adhesion, cell proliferation, and cell death","volume":"76","author":"Perillo","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Mol Med"},{"key":"2021122708460107200_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1677\/JOE-08-0512","article-title":"Endogenous galectins and the control of the host inflammatory response","volume":"201","author":"Norling","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2021122708460107200_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.1998.00517.x","article-title":"Maintenance of granulocyte numbers during acute peritonitis is defective in galectin-3-null mutant mice","volume":"94","author":"Colnot","year":"1998","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"2021122708460107200_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200317592","article-title":"Critical role of galectin-3 in phagocytosis by macrophages","volume":"112","author":"Sano","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2021122708460107200_b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3939","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.156.10.3939","article-title":"Galectin-3 promotes adhesion of human neutrophils to laminin","volume":"156","author":"Kuwabara","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2021122708460107200_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4679","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.7.4679","article-title":"Specific recognition of Candida albicans by macrophages requires galectin-3 to discriminate Saccharomyces cerevisiae and needs association with TLR2 for signaling","volume":"177","author":"Jouault","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2021122708460107200_b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2781","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.4.2781","article-title":"Galectin-3 is a negative regulator of lipopolysaccharide-mediated inflammation","volume":"181","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2021122708460107200_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)61780-4","article-title":"Galectin-3 protects human breast carcinoma cells against nitric oxide-induced apoptosis: implication of galectin-3 function during metastasis","volume":"159","author":"Moon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2021122708460107200_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6737","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.13.6737","article-title":"Expression of galectin-3 modulates T-cell growth and apoptosis","volume":"93","author":"Yang","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2021122708460107200_b18","volume-title":"Inflammatory mechanisms in experimental neonatal brain injury and in a clinical study of preterm birth; involvement of galectin-3 and free radical formation","author":"Doverhag","year":"2010"},{"key":"2021122708460107200_b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1778","article-title":"Up-regulation of gene expression by hypoxia is mediated predominantly by hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1)","volume":"206","author":"Greijer","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"2021122708460107200_b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2007.06.006","article-title":"Expression of galectin-1, -3 (gal-1, gal-3) and the Thomsen\u2013Friedenreich (TF) antigen in normal, IUGR, preeclamptic and HELLP placentas","volume":"28","author":"Jeschke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"2021122708460107200_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F140","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2007.124685","article-title":"Characterisation of the host inflammatory response to Staphylococcus epidermidis in neonatal whole blood","volume":"93","author":"H\u00e4rtel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"2021122708460107200_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm.2010.031","article-title":"Birth weight percentile charts based on daily measurements for very preterm male and female infants at the age of 154\u2013223 days","volume":"38","author":"Voigt","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"key":"2021122708460107200_b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-1619","article-title":"Serum galectin-3 is elevated in obesity and negatively correlates with glycosylated hemoglobin in type 2 diabetes","volume":"95","author":"Weigert","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2021122708460107200_b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-009-0016-8","article-title":"Detection of galectin-3 in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases: new serum marker of active forms of IBD?","volume":"58","author":"Frol'ov\u00e1","year":"2009","journal-title":"Inflamm Res"},{"key":"2021122708460107200_b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0177(199708)209:4<399::AID-AJA7>3.0.CO;2-D","article-title":"Differential expression of galectin-1 and galectin-3 during first trimester human embryogenesis","volume":"209","author":"van den Brule","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dev Dyn"},{"key":"2021122708460107200_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(73)80116-7","article-title":"Influence of gestational age on serum levels of alpha-1 fetoprotein, IgG globulin, and albumin in newborn infants","volume":"82","author":"Hyvarinen","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2021122708460107200_b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1979.tb04429.x","article-title":"Serum concentrations of thyroxine-binding globulin, prealbumin and albumin in healthy fullterm, small-for-gestational age and preterm newborn infants","volume":"68","author":"Jacobsen","year":"1979","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Scand"},{"key":"2021122708460107200_b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2005.01.007","article-title":"Reference range for micronutrients and nutritional marker proteins in cord blood of neonates appropriated for gestational ages","volume":"81","author":"Galinier","year":"2005","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"key":"2021122708460107200_b29","first-page":"15","article-title":"New definition of small for gestational age based on fetal growth potential","volume":"65","author":"Gardosi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Horm Res"},{"key":"2021122708460107200_b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3453","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2009.173252","article-title":"Intrauterine growth restriction, human placental development and trophoblast cell death","volume":"587","author":"Scifres","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"2021122708460107200_b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0910283","article-title":"Hypoxia and inflammation","volume":"364","author":"Eltzschig","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2021122708460107200_b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2010.53","article-title":"Increased cord serum inflammatory markers in small-for-gestational-age neonates","volume":"31","author":"Amarilyo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"key":"2021122708460107200_b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.070620","article-title":"HIF-1 alpha is a regulator of galectin-3 expression in the intervertebral disc","volume":"22","author":"Zeng","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2021122708460107200_b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1159\/000016345","article-title":"Expression of galectin-3 in cells exposed to stress-roles of jun and NF-kappaB","volume":"10","author":"Dumic","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cell Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"2021122708460107200_b35","first-page":"701","article-title":"Perinatal group B streptococcal disease after universal screening recommendations\u2003\u2013\u2003United States, 2003\u20132005","volume":"56","author":"Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2007","journal-title":"Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2021122708460107200_b36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-200105000-00014","article-title":"Different cytokine expression in cord blood mononuclear cells after stimulation with neonatal sepsis or colonizing strains of Streptococcus agalactiae","volume":"49","author":"Berner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"2021122708460107200_b37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3085","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01551-05","article-title":"Interaction of neonatal phagocytes with group B streptococcus: recognition and response","volume":"74","author":"Henneke","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2021122708460107200_b38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64975-9","article-title":"Targeted disruption of the galectin-3 gene results in attenuated peritoneal inflammatory responses","volume":"156","author":"Hsu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2021122708460107200_b39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070870","article-title":"Galectin-3 reduces the severity of pneumococcal pneumonia by augmenting neutrophil function","volume":"172","author":"Farnworth","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2021122708460107200_b40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4391","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.8.4391-4398.2000","article-title":"beta-1,2-linked oligomannosides from Candida albicans bind to a 32-kilodalton macrophage membrane protein homologous to the mammalian lectin galectin-3","volume":"68","author":"Fradin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2021122708460107200_b41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1023\/B:GLYC.0000014089.17121.cc","article-title":"Seeing strangers or announcing \u2018danger\u2019: galectin-3 in two models of innate immunity","volume":"19","author":"Sato","year":"2004","journal-title":"Glycoconj J"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Experimental Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2249.2011.04509.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cei\/article-pdf\/167\/2\/246\/41908123\/j.1365-2249.2011.04509.x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cei\/article-pdf\/167\/2\/246\/41908123\/j.1365-2249.2011.04509.x.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,10]],"date-time":"2023-06-10T20:17:41Z","timestamp":1686428261000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cei\/article\/167\/2\/246\/6422834"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,11]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2011.04509.x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-9104","1365-2249"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-9104","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2249","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,11]]}}}