{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:54:18Z","timestamp":1787014458779,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,11]],"date-time":"2012-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1326240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Up-regulation of interleukin (IL)-17 in small intestinal mucosa has been reported in coeliac disease (CD) and in peripheral blood in type 1 diabetes (T1D). We explored mucosal IL-17 immunity in different stages of CD, including transglutaminase antibody (TGA)-positive children with potential CD, children with untreated and gluten-free diet-treated CD and in children with T1D. Immunohistochemistry was used for identification of IL-17 and forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3)-positive cells and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for IL-17, FoxP3, retinoic acid-related orphan receptor (ROR)c and interferon (IFN)-\u03b3 transcripts. IL-1\u03b2, IL-6 and IL-17 were studied in supernatants from biopsy cultures. Expression of the apoptotic markers BAX and bcl-2 was evaluated in IL-17-stimulated CaCo-2 cells. The mucosal expression of IL-17 and FoxP3 transcripts were elevated in individuals with untreated CD when compared with the TGA-negative reference children, children with potential CD or gluten-free diet-treated children with CD (P\u2003&amp;lt;\u20030\u00b7005 for all IL-17 comparisons and P\u2003&amp;lt;\u20030\u00b701 for all FoxP3 comparisons). The numbers of IL-17-positive cells were higher in lamina propria in children with CD than in children with T1D (P\u2003&amp;lt;\u20030\u00b705). In biopsy specimens from patients with untreated CD, enhanced spontaneous secretion of IL-1\u03b2, IL-6 and IL-17 was seen. Activation of anti-apoptotic bcl-2 in IL-17-treated CaCo-2 epithelial cells suggests that IL-17 might be involved in mucosal protection. Up-regulation of IL-17 could, however, serve as a biomarker for the development of villous atrophy and active CD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2011.04510.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,28]],"date-time":"2011-10-28T07:51:11Z","timestamp":1319788271000},"page":"226-234","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Up-regulation of small intestinal interleukin-17 immunity in untreated coeliac disease but not in potential coeliac disease or in type 1 diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"167","author":[{"given":"A I","family":"Lahdenper\u00e4","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Paediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V","family":"H\u00f6ltt\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immune Response Unit, Department of Vaccination and Immune Protection, National Institute for Health and Welfare"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Ruohtula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immune Response Unit, Department of Vaccination and Immune Protection, National Institute for Health and Welfare"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H M","family":"Salo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immune Response Unit, Department of Vaccination and Immune Protection, National Institute for Health and Welfare"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Orivuori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immune Response Unit, Department of Vaccination and Immune Protection, National Institute for Health and Welfare"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Westerholm-Ormio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Savilahti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"F\u00e4lth-Magnusson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Paediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"H\u00f6gberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Clinic, Norrk\u00f6ping Hospital, Norrk\u00f6ping, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Ludvigsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Paediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O","family":"Vaarala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immune Response Unit, Department of Vaccination and Immune Protection, National Institute for Health and Welfare"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021122708460107000_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2287","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.52.9.2287","article-title":"Immunologic activity in the small intestinal mucosa of pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes","volume":"52","author":"Westerholm-Ormio","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2021122708460107000_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2008.03662.x","article-title":"Infiltration of forkhead box P3-expressing cells in small intestinal mucosa in coeliac disease but not in type 1 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