{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T14:14:00Z","timestamp":1789913640052,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,30]],"date-time":"2012-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1327881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Leishmaniasis is a group of important parasitic diseases affecting millions worldwide. To understand more clearly the quality of T helper type 1 (Th1) response stimulated after Leishmania infection, we applied a multiparametric flow cytometry protocol to evaluate multifunctional T cells induced by crude antigen extracts obtained from promastigotes of Leishmania braziliensis (LbAg) and Leishmania amazonensis (LaAg) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healed cutaneous leishmaniasis patients. Although no significant difference was detected in the percentage of total interferon (IFN)-\u03b3-producing CD4+T cells induced by both antigens, multiparametric flow cytometry analysis revealed clear differences in the quality of Th1 responses. LbAg induced an important proportion of multifunctional CD4+ T cells (28% of the total Th1 response evaluated), whereas LaAg induced predominantly single-positive cells (68%), and 57% of those were IFN-\u03b3 single-positives. Multifunctional CD4+T cells showed the highest mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) for the three Th1 cytokines assessed and MFIs for IFN-\u03b3 and interleukin-2 from those cells stimulated with LbAg were significantly higher than those obtained after LaAg stimulation. These major differences observed in the generation of multifunctional CD4+ T cells suggest that the quality of the Th1 response induced by L.\u2003amazonensis antigens can be involved in the mechanisms responsible for the high susceptibility observed in L.\u2003amazonensis-infected individuals. Ultimately, our results call attention to the importance of studying a Th1 response regarding its quality, not just its magnitude, and indicate that this kind of evaluation might help understanding of the complex and diverse immunopathogenesis of American tegumentary leishmaniasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2011.04536.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,26]],"date-time":"2011-11-26T00:12:50Z","timestamp":1322266370000},"page":"505-513","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Multifunctional CD4+T cells in patients with American cutaneous leishmaniasis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"167","author":[{"given":"A B B","family":"Macedo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunoparasitologia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J C","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Arcila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunoparasitologia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A O","family":"Schubach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Leishmanioses, Instituto de Pesquisa Cl\u00ednica Evandro Chagas (IPEC), Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S C F","family":"Mendon\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunoparasitologia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Marins-Dos-Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plataforma de Citometria de Fluxo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"de Fatima Madeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Leishmanioses, Instituto de Pesquisa Cl\u00ednica Evandro Chagas (IPEC), Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Gagini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunoparasitologia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M I F","family":"Pimentel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Leishmanioses, Instituto de Pesquisa Cl\u00ednica Evandro Chagas (IPEC), Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P M","family":"De Luca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunoparasitologia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021122708460880900_b1","volume-title":"Leishmaniasis","author":"World Health Organization 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