{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:04:24Z","timestamp":1777446264551,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,3]],"date-time":"2012-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1333411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>T cell recognition of gliadin from dietary gluten is essential for the pathogenesis of coeliac disease (CD). The aim of the present study was to analyse whether gliadin-specific T cells are detectable in the circulation of children with newly diagnosed coeliac disease by using a sensitive carboxfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) dilution method. Peripheral blood CD4+ T cell responses were analysed in 20 children at diagnosis of CD and compared to those in 64 healthy control children carrying the CD-associated human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ2 or -DQ8 alleles. Deamidated gliadin (gTG)-specific T cells were detectable in the peripheral blood of more than half the children with CD (11 of 20, 55%) compared to 15 of 64 (23\u00b74%) of the control children (P\u2003=\u20030\u00b7008). Proliferative responses to gTG were also significantly stronger in children with CD than in controls (P\u2003=\u20030\u00b701). In contrast, T cells specific to native gliadin were detectable at comparable frequencies in children with CD (two of 19, 10\u00b75%) and controls (13 of 64, 20\u00b73%). gTG-specific T cells had a memory phenotype more often than those specific to native gliadin in children with CD (P\u2003=\u20030\u00b702), whereas controls had similar percentages of memory cells in both stimulations. Finally, gTG-specific CD4+ T cells had a higher expression of the gut-homing molecule \u03b27 integrin than those specific to the control antigen tetanus toxoid. Collectively, our current results demonstrate that the frequency of circulating memory CD4+ T cells specific to gTG but not native gliadin is increased in children with newly diagnosed CD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2012.04575.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,14]],"date-time":"2012-02-14T06:45:27Z","timestamp":1329201927000},"page":"207-214","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Increased peripheral blood CD4+ T cell responses to deamidated but not to native gliadin in children with coeliac disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"168","author":[{"given":"A","family":"Lammi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, University of Eastern Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Arikoski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Kuopio University Hospital, 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