{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T15:50:50Z","timestamp":1769874650936,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,6]],"date-time":"2012-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1341532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>It has been reported that interferon (IFN)-\u03b3-secreting T cells reactive to gluten can be detected in the peripheral blood of individuals with treated coeliac disease (CD) after a short consumption of wheat-containing food. By contrast, very little is known about the reproducibility of this in-vivo procedure in the same patient cohort which underwent two, or more, gluten consumptions. Fourteen coeliac patients in remission consumed wheat bread for 3 days; 13 underwent a second gluten challenge after a wash-out of 3\u201310 months on a strict gluten-free diet. Immune reactivity to gluten was analysed in peripheral blood by detecting IFN-\u03b3 before and 6 days after commencing a gluten diet. Gliadin-specific IFN-\u03b3-secreting CD4+ T cells increased significantly on day 6 of the first challenge. These cells resulted as prevalently human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ restricted and with a phenotype of gut homing, as suggested by the expression of \u03b27-integrin. Similarly, reactiveness to gliadin was observed after the second wheat consumption, although with an individual variability of responses at each challenge. Our findings confirmed that the short wheat challenge is a non-invasive approach to investigate the gluten-related immune response in peripheral blood of subjects intolerant to gluten. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the in-vivo procedure can be reproduced in the same subject cohort after a gluten wash-out of at least 3 months. Our study has important implications for the application of this procedure to clinical practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2012.04597.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,25]],"date-time":"2012-04-25T10:39:36Z","timestamp":1335350376000},"page":"129-136","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Short wheat challenge is a reproducible <i>in-vivo<\/i> assay to detect immune response to gluten"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"169","author":[{"given":"A","family":"Camarca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Sciences-CNR, Avellino"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases, University of Naples, Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Radano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Sciences-CNR, Avellino"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Di Mase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases, University of Naples, Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Terrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases, University of Naples, Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Maurano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Sciences-CNR, Avellino"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Auricchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases, University of Naples, Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Troncone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases, University of Naples, Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Greco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases, University of Naples, Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Gianfrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Sciences-CNR, Avellino"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases, University of Naples, Naples, 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