{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T06:41:27Z","timestamp":1784616087743,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,18]],"date-time":"2004-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1084838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold><jats:sc>objective\u2002<\/jats:sc><\/jats:bold> We prospectively screened consecutive patients with Graves\u2019 hyperthyroidism by ultrasonography (USG), regardless of presence of palpable nodules, and evaluated patients with nodule(s) by fine\u2010needle aspiration (FNA) and by resulting surgery to define the prevalence of thyroid cancer in patients with Graves\u2019 disease.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold><jats:sc>methods\u2002<\/jats:sc><\/jats:bold> Two hundred and forty\u2010five consecutive Graves\u2019 disease patients without prior thyroid surgery or radio\u2010iodine treatment were enrolled at Asan Medical Centre endocrinology clinic. All patients with nodule(s) of 5\u00a0mm or greater were reviewed for evaluation by FNA, and of these 90\u00b70% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a062) underwent FNA. All patients with suspicious\/malignant cytology or those with positive immunostaining with GAL\u20103 antibody underwent surgery.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold><jats:sc>results\u2002<\/jats:sc><\/jats:bold> Among 245 patients, thyroid nodule(s) were detected in 35\u00b71% (86\/245) by USG. Nodule prevalence significantly increased according to age, which was the only significant variable predicting the presence of nodule(s) in logistic regression analysis. Among patients with thyroid nodule(s), 69 patients had nodule(s) of 5\u00a0mm or greater in size, and 62 cases of them (90\u00b70%) underwent FNA. In eight patients, thyroid cancers were histologically confirmed (all papillary thyroid cancers), so the prevalence of thyroid cancer was at least 3\u00b73% (8\/245) in Graves\u2019 patients. Of eight patients with thyroid cancer, only one case was detected by palpation and the other seven patients were detected only by USG. In pathologic examination, mean size of tumour was 10\u00b70\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06\u00b77\u00a0mm (5\u201325\u00a0mm), three cases had extrathyroidal extension (37\u00b75%), four cases had cervical node metastasis (50\u00b70%) and one case had multifocal tumour (12\u00b75%). Thus, five of eight patients had locally advanced cancers (pT4 or pN1 lesion), but none had distant metastasis. Prevalence of thyroid cancers in Graves\u2019 disease tended to be higher in patients of 45\u00a0years or greater than younger patients (6\u00b77%<jats:italic>vs.<\/jats:italic> 1\u00b73%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00\u00b705), and that of the locally advanced cancers was significantly higher in older patients (5\u00b76%<jats:italic>vs.<\/jats:italic> 0%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00\u00b705). Older age of the patient was the only significant factor predicting the presence of locally advanced thyroid cancers regardless of duration\/severity of hyperthyroidism, goitre size, or of TBII activity.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold><jats:sc>conclusions\u2002<\/jats:sc><\/jats:bold> The prevalence of thyroid cancer in Graves\u2019 patients was at least 3\u00b73% in this prospective analysis; most of them were micropapillary thyroid cancers. Stimulating TSHR antibodies seems not to induce nodule\/cancer formation and not to change biologic behaviour of thyroid cancers in Graves\u2019 patients. Graves\u2019 patients of 45\u00a0years of age or above are more likely to harbour locally advanced thyroid cancers than younger patients, regardless of duration or severity of hyperthyroidism, goitre size, or of TBII activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2004.02043.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,24]],"date-time":"2004-05-24T11:53:37Z","timestamp":1085399617000},"page":"719-725","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Ultrasonographic screening for detection of thyroid cancer in patients with Graves\u2019 disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Won Bae","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seong\u2010Min","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae Yong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Il Seong","family":"Nam\u2010Goong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gyungyub","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ho Kyu","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suck Joon","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young Kee","family":"Shong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.1998.8.565"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","first-page":"1121","article-title":"Graves\u2019 disease and thyroid cancer","volume":"100","author":"Behar R.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-70-4-830"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2001.01415.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.181.3.1947082"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.1994.13.2.87"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.159.15.1705"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.1998.8.647"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","first-page":"343","article-title":"Hyperthyroidism and concurrent thyroid cancer","volume":"78","author":"Chou F.F.","year":"1993","journal-title":"International Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s005950170044"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/028418602317314028"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.1998.8.15"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.11258"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-38-6-976"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","first-page":"1148","article-title":"Thyroid carcinoma in Graves\u2019 disease","volume":"98","author":"Farbota L.M.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.75.3.886"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/028418698430539"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197701)39:1<298::AID-CNCR2820390146>3.0.CO;2-C"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(97)00274-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","first-page":"449","article-title":"Basedow's disease and thyroid nodules. 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