{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T22:19:47Z","timestamp":1792880387384,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,3]],"date-time":"2004-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1094169600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold><jats:sc>objective\u2002<\/jats:sc><\/jats:bold> Acquired hypopituitarism in adults is obviously suspected in patients with primary hypothalamic\u2013pituitary diseases, particularly after neurosurgery and\/or radiotherapy. That brain injuries (BI) can cause hypopituitarism is commonly stated and has been recently emphasized but the management of BI patients does not routinely include neuroendocrine evaluations.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold><jats:sc>aim\u2002<\/jats:sc><\/jats:bold> To clarify the occurrence of hypopituitarism in patients after traumatic brain injury (TBI) or subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) 3\u00a0months after the BI.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold><jats:sc>subjects and methods\u2002<\/jats:sc><\/jats:bold> The occurrence of hypopituitarism in conscious patients after traumatic brain injury [TBI, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0100, 31 women, 69\u00a0men; age 37\u00b71\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01\u00b78 years; body mass index (BMI) 23\u00b77\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00\u00b74\u00a0kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>; Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) 3\u201315] or subarachnoid haemorrhage [SAH, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a040, 14\u00a0men, 26 wpmen, 51\u00b70\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02\u00b70\u00a0years; 25\u00b70\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00\u00b76\u00a0kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>; Fisher's scale 1\u20134] was studied in a multicentre study 3\u00a0months after the BI. All patients underwent wide basal hormonal evaluation; the GH\/IGF\u2010I axis was evaluated by GHRH\u00a0+\u00a0arginine test and IGF\u2010I measurement.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold><jats:sc>results\u2002<\/jats:sc><\/jats:bold> In TBI patients, some degree of hypopituitarism was shown in 35%. Total, multiple and isolated deficits were present in 4, 6 and 25%, respectively. Diabetes insipidus was present in 4%. Secondary adrenal, thyroid and gonadal deficit was present in 8, 5 and 17%, respectively. Severe GH deficiency (GHD) was the most frequent pituitary defect (25%). In SAH patients, some degree of hypopituitarism was shown in 37\u00b75%. Despite no total hypopituitarism, multiple and isolated deficits were present in 10 and 27\u00b75%, respectively. Diabetes insipidus was present in 7\u00b75%. Secondary adrenal, thyroid and gonadal deficit was present in 2\u00b75, 7\u00b75 and 12\u00b75%, respectively. Severe GHD was the most frequent defect (25%).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold><jats:sc>conclusions\u2002<\/jats:sc><\/jats:bold> TBI and SAH are conditions associated with high risk of acquired hypopituitarism. The pituitary defect is often multiple and severe GHD is the most frequent defect. Thus neuroendocrine evaluations are always mandatory in patients after brain injuries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2004.02094.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,3]],"date-time":"2004-09-03T09:49:22Z","timestamp":1094204962000},"page":"320-326","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":271,"title":["Traumatic brain injury and subarachnoid haemorrhage are conditions at high risk for hypopituitarism: screening study at 3\u00a0months after the brain injury"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Aimaretti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Rosaria","family":"Ambrosio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Di 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